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实验中,316基材的尺寸为60 mm×100 mm×2.5 mm。涂层按预置法制备,主要成分为Ni60,添加成分为WC粉末。Ni60粉末和WC粉末颗粒直径分别为50 μm~130 μm和22 μm~172 μm,其微观形貌如图 1a和图 1b所示。06Cr17Ni12Mo2钢(316不锈钢)与Ni60粉末成分如表 1、表 2所示[10]。
表 1 06Cr17Ni12Mo2基体材料化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 substrate
element P S Ni Cr Mo C Si Fe mass frattion/% 0.035 0.03 10.0~14.0 16.0~18.5 2.0~3.0 0.08 1.0 balance 表 2 Ni60粉末化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of Ni60
element C Cr B Si Fe P S Ni mass frattion/% 0.8~1.2 14.0~16.0 3.0~3.5 3.5~4.0 14.0~15.0 0.02 0.02 balance -
实验中使用XL-F2000T型激光器作为激光熔覆实验装置。首先,将不锈钢基体表面经过粗砂纸打磨,以去除基体表面的氧化膜和其他影响实验的杂质。然后使用体积分数为95%的酒精清洗外层油污和杂质[10]。接下来,将质量分数为5% WC和95% Ni60放入球磨机中以200 r/min混合搅拌2 h预先混合,然后将混合粉末均匀地覆盖在不锈钢板基材上,使其厚度达到1 mm。本次实验中,根据前期工作经验,激光功率设定为1100 W,光斑直径为3 mm,扫描速率(即单位时间内激光在工件上划过的距离)设定为10 mm/s,此时激光功率密度约为1.56× 108 W/m2,搭接率设定为40%,进行多道搭接激光熔覆实验。激光熔覆间距设置为1.5 mm,熔覆路径如图 2所示;熔覆层尺寸和形貌如图 3所示。熔覆完成后涂层厚度0.6 mm~1.1 mm。为了后续方便分析,本文作者对未添加WC的熔覆层进行了定义,称之为“0WC熔覆层”。同时,还添加了质量分数为5%的WC,对应的熔覆层被定义为“5%WC熔覆层”。熔覆完成后,为方便后续研究,使用深杨QC350K中走丝线切割机床将试样切割成10 mm×10 mm的方块。
熔覆材料具有独特的特性,因此在制备试样时需要使用特定的腐蚀液,以便后续的扫描电镜观察和分析能够顺利进行。通常情况下,会选择由硝酸和盐酸组成的腐蚀液来处理试样。这种腐蚀液能够有效地去除材料表面的氧化物和其它杂质,使得试样表面更加清晰,便于后续的观察和分析。
为了更清晰分析各组织成分对熔覆层的影响,本实验中利用日立TM4000Plus扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)获取涂层的形貌和组织特性。利用其自带的EDS来分析元素分布特性。而样品的相组成则用岛津XRD-6100型X射线衍射仪[10]。在检测过程中,衍射区间可设置为10°~90°,步长为0.04°,扫描速率为6 °/min。
为了表征样品的耐腐蚀性能,使用CS Studio电化学工作站。在模拟海水的腐蚀环境中,采用含有3.5% NaCl溶液。扫描速率数值设置为0.5 mV/s,采样频率为1 Hz。
WC对316 L钢表面的镍基激光熔覆涂层的性能影响研究
Effect of WC on the properties of Ni-based laser cladding coating on 316 L substrate
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摘要: 为了提升316L不锈钢的耐腐蚀性能,延长其在海洋环境中的使用寿命,讨论了激光熔覆技术在316L基材表面熔覆了纯Ni60涂层和WC+Ni60复合涂层的方法和效果。WC+Ni60复合涂层结合了WC颗粒的硬度和Ni60基体的韧性,具有更优异的综合性能,适用于对基材表面进行更高强度的保护。分别利用硬度仪、X射线衍射仪和电化学工作站对涂层检索和测试。结果表明,WC+Ni60复合涂层的平均截面硬度为719 HV,但各区域波动较大,同时熔覆层表面相较纯Ni60涂层更耐腐蚀,自腐蚀电位提高了0.12 V,自腐蚀电流密度降低了2.49×10-6A/cm2。本研究为后期制备耐海水腐蚀复合涂层提供了参考。Abstract: In order to improve the corrosion resistance of 316L stainless steel and prolong its service life in the marine environment, this paper discusses the method and effect of laser cladding technology on the surface of 316L substrate by cladding pure Ni60 coating and WC+Ni60 composite coating. The WC+Ni60 composite coating combines the hardness of WC particles and the toughness of Ni60 matrix, which has better comprehensive performance and is suitable for higher strength protection of the substrate surface. The coatings were retrieved and tested by hardness tester, X-ray diffractometer and electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that the average cross-sectional hardness of the WC+Ni60 composite coating is 719 HV, but the fluctuation in each region is large. At the same time, the surface of the cladding layer is more resistant to corrosion than the pure Ni60 coating. The self-corrosion potential is increased by 0.12 V, and the self-corrosion current density is reduced by 2.49 × 10-6 A/cm2. This study provides a reference for the later preparation of seawater corrosion resistant composite coatings.
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Key words:
- laser technique /
- laser cladding /
- microstructure /
- hardness /
- corrosion resistance
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表 1 06Cr17Ni12Mo2基体材料化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of 06Cr17Ni12Mo2 substrate
element P S Ni Cr Mo C Si Fe mass frattion/% 0.035 0.03 10.0~14.0 16.0~18.5 2.0~3.0 0.08 1.0 balance 表 2 Ni60粉末化学成分
Table 2. Chemical composition of Ni60
element C Cr B Si Fe P S Ni mass frattion/% 0.8~1.2 14.0~16.0 3.0~3.5 3.5~4.0 14.0~15.0 0.02 0.02 balance -
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