The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

XU Qiang; XIE Xiumin; ZHANG Wei; YUAN Fei; HU Weiying; DENG Jie; ZHAO Xinhua; SONG Haizhi

doi:10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2020.05.009

Volume 44 Issue 5

Sep. 2020

Article Contents

Turn off MathJax

Article Navigation > LASER TECHNOLOGY > 2020 > 44(5): 575-586

Citation:

The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

1.
Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Received Date: 2019-11-28
Accepted Date: 2020-01-19

Abstract

Quantum emitters serve as the building blocks of quantum network, connecting quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum metrology. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are widely considered as the best candidate for quantum emitters. By a decade of effort, the controllability, purity, brightness, indistinguishability, and coherence of QD emitters are greatly improved so that they are much closer to the application level. In this paper, the scientific and technological development of quantum emitters based on QDs were reviewed. Firstly, QD-based single photon sources have achieved indistinguishability of near unity, high purity, and high extraction efficiency. Secondly, QD-based entangled photon emitters have achieved high bit rate, high entanglement fidelity by improvements such as eliminating fine structure splitting. Thirdly, remarkable development has been made towards on-chip integration of QD emitters into planar circuits and nano-photonic systems. It turns out that quantum emitters based on semiconductor QDs are greatly potential to be applied in quantum information processing systems in the near future.
- quantum optics,
- quantum emitters,
- semiconductor quantum dots,
- single photon source,
- entanglement source,
- on-chip integration

References

[1]	NIELSEN M A, CHUANG I, GROVER L K. Quantum computation and quantum information[J]. American Journal of Physics, 2002, 70(5): 558-559.
[2]	BEVERATOS A, BROURI R, GACOIN T, et al. Single photon quantum cryptography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(18): 187901.
[3]	CHEUNG J Y, CHUNNILALL C J, WOOLLIAMS E R, et al. The quantum candela: A re-definition of the standard units for optical radiation[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2007, 54(2/3): 373-396.
[4]	KOK P, MUNRO W J, NEMOTO K, et al. Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2007, 79(1): 135-174.
[5]	ASPURU-GUZIK A, WALTHER P. Photonic quantum simulators[J]. Nature Physics, 2012, 8(4): 285-291.
[6]	O'BRIEN J L, FURUSAWA A, VUČKOVIC' J. Photonic quantum technologies[J]. Nature Photonics, 2009, 3(12): 687-695.
[7]	AHARONOVICH I, ENGLUND D, TOTH M. Solid-state single-photon emitters[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(10): 631-641.
[8]	LODAHL P, MAHMOODIAN S, STOBBE S. Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015, 87(2): 347-400.
[9]	ATATVRE M, ENGLUND D, VAMIVAKAS N, et al. Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2018, 3(5): 38-51.
[10]	AKOPIAN N, LINDNER N H, POEM E, et al. Entangled photon pairs from semiconductor quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2006, 96(13): 130501.
[11]	YOUNG R J, STEVENSON R M, ATKINSON P, et al. Improved fidelity of triggered entangled photons from single quantum dots[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2006, 8(2): 29-39.
[12]	HAFENBRAK R, ULRICH S M, MICHLER P, et al. Triggered polarization-entangled photon pairs from a single quantum dot up to 30K[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2007, 9(9): 315-331.
[13]	CHUNNILALL C J, DEGIOVANNI I P, KVCK S, et al. Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: A review[J]. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(8): 081910.
[14]	de GREVE K, YU L, MCMAHON P L, et al. Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength[J]. Nature, 2012, 491(7424): 421-425.
[15]	GAO W B, FALLAHI P, TOGAN E, et al. Observation of entanglement between a quantum dot spin and a single photon[J]. Nature, 2012, 491(7424): 426-430.
[16]	SCHAIBLEY J R, BURGERS A P, McCRACKEN G A, et al. Demonstration of quantum entanglement between a single electron spin confined to an InAs quantum dot and a photon[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110(16): 167401.
[17]	TAKEMOTO K, NAMBU Y, MIYAZAWA T, et al. Quantum key distribution over 120km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 14383.
[18]	HE Y, HE Y M, WEI Y J, et al. Quantum state transfer from a single photon to a distant quantum-dot electron spin[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 119(6): 060501.
[19]	VARNAVA C, STEVENSON R M, NILSSON J, et al. An entangled-LED-driven quantum relay over 1km[J]. NPJ Quantum Information, 2016, 2: 16006.
[20]	SENELLART P, SOLOMON G, WHITE A. High-performance semiconductor quantum-dot single-photon sources[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2017, 12(11): 1026-1039.
[21]	LODAHL P. Quantum-dot based photonic quantum networks[J]. Quantum Science and Technology, 2017, 3(1): 013001.
[22]	HUBER D, REINDL M, ABERL J, et al. Semiconductor quantum dots as an ideal source of polarization-entangled photon pairs on-demand: A review[J]. Journal of Optics, 2018, 20(7): 073002.
[23]	BENSON O, SANTORI C, PELTON M, et al. Regulated and entangled photons from a single quantum dot[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(11): 2513-2516.
[24]	GÉRARD J M, SERMAGE B, GAYRAL B, et al. Enhanced spontaneous emission by quantum boxes in a monolithic optical microcavity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1998, 81(5): 1110-1113.
[25]	LODAHL P, van DRIEL A F, NIKOLAEV I S, et al. Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals[J]. Nature, 2004, 430(7000): 654-657.
[26]	ENGLUND D, FATTAL D, WAKS E, et al. Controlling the spontaneous emission rate of single quantum dots in a two-dimensional photonic crystal[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(1): 013904.
[27]	GRANGE T, HORNECKER G, HUNGER D, et al. Cavity-funneled generation of indistinguishable single photons from strongly dissipative quantum emitters[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(19): 193601.
[28]	SAPIENZA L, DAVANO M, BADOLATO A, et al. Nanoscale optical positioning of single quantum dots for bright and pure single-photon emission[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 8833.
[29]	TOMAŠ M S, LENAC Z. Spontaneous-emission spectrum in an absorbing Fabry-Perot cavity[J]. Physical Review, 1999, A60(3): 2431-2437.
[30]	CHOY J T, HAUSMANN B J M, BABINEC T M, et al. Enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond-silver aperture[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(12): 738-743.
[31]	BARNES W L, BJÖRK G, GÉRARD J M, et al. Solid-state single photon sources: Light collection strategies[J]. The European Physical Journal, 2002, D18(2): 197-210.
[32]	SOMASCHI N, GIESZ V, de SANTIS L, et al. Near-optimal single-photon sources in the solid state[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(5): 340-345.
[33]	LOREDO J C, BROOME M A, HILAIRE P, et al. Boson sampling with single-photon fock states from a bright solid-state source[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(13): 130503.
[34]	LIAO S K, YONG H L, LIU C, et al. Long-distance free-space quantum key distribution in daylight towards inter-satellite communication[J]. Nature Photonics, 2017, 11(8): 509-513.
[35]	MERMILLOD Q, JAKUBCZYK T, DELMONTE V, et al. Harvesting, coupling, and control of single-exciton coherences in photonic waveguide antennas[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(16): 163903.
[36]	DING X, HE Y, DUAN Z C, et al. On-demand single photons with high extraction efficiency and near-unity indistinguishability from a resonantly driven quantum dot in a micropillar[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(2): 020401.
[37]	MIYAZAWA T, TAKEMOTO K, SAKUMA Y, et al. Single-photon generation in the 1.55μm optical-fiber band from an InAs/InP quantum dot[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 44(5L): L620-L622.
[38]	SONG H Z, TAKEMOTO K, MIYAZAWA T, et al. Design of Si/SiO₂ micropillar cavities for Purcell-enhanced single photon emission at 1.55μm from InAs/InP quantum dots[J]. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(17): 3241-3244.
[39]	SONG H Zh, TAKEMOTO K, MIYAZAWA T, et al. High quality-factor Si/SiO₂-InP hybrid micropillar cavities with submicrometer diameter for 1.55μm telecommunication band[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(12): 16264-16272.
[40]	SONG H Z, HADI M, ZHENG Y, et al. InGaAsP/InP nanocavity for single-photon source at 1.55μm telecommunication band[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2017, 12(1): 128-135.
[41]	KIM J H, CAI T, RICHARDSON C J K, et al. Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths[J]. Optica, 2016, 3(6): 577-584.
[42]	BIROWOSUTO M D, SUMIKURA H, MATSUO S, et al. Fast Purcell-enhanced single photon source in 1550nm telecom band from a resonant quantum dot-cavity coupling[J]. Scientific Reports, 2012, 2: 321-326.
[43]	ARCARI M, SÖLLNER I, JAVADI A, et al. Near-unity coupling efficiency of a quantum emitter to a photonic crystal waveguide[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(9): 093603.
[44]	THYRRESTRUP H, KIRŠANSKÉ G, le JEANNIC H, et al. Quantum optics with near-lifetime-limited quantum-dot transitions in a nanophotonic waveguide[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(3): 1801-1806.
[45]	RALPH T C, SÖLLNER I, MAHMOODIAN S, et al. Photon sorting, efficient Bell measurements, and a deterministic controlled-Z gate using a passive two-level nonlinearity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(17): 173603.
[46]	OZEL T, NIZAMOGLU S, SEFUNC M A, et al. Anisotropic emission from multilayered plasmon resonator nanocomposites of isotropic semiconductor quantum dots[J]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(2): 1328-1334.
[47]	BELACEL C, HABERT B, BIGOURDAN F, et al. Controlling spontaneous emission with plasmonic optical patch antennas[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4): 1516-1521.
[48]	ZHUKOVSKY S V, OZEL T, MUTLUGUN E, et al. Hyperbolic metamaterials based on quantum-dot plasmon-resonator nanocomposites[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(15): 18290-18298.
[49]	CONANT R T, DRIJBER R A, HADDIX M L, et al. Sensitivity of organic matter decomposition to warming varies with its quality[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(4): 868-877.
[50]	LI L, WANG W, LUK T S, et al. Enhanced quantum dot spontaneous emission with multilayer metamaterial nanostructures[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(3): 501-508.
[51]	KOZAI T D Y, LANGHALS N B, PATEL P R, et al. Ultrasmall implantable composite microelectrodes with bioactive surfaces for chronic neural interfaces[J]. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(12): 1065-1073.
[52]	BORETTI A, ROSA L, MACKIE A, et al. Electrically driven quantum light sources[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2015, 3(8): 1012-1033.
[53]	KUHLMANN A V, PRECHTEL J H, HOUEL J, et al. Transform-limited single photons from a single quantum dot[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 82041-1-8.
[54]	KIRŠANSKÉ G, THYRRESTRUP H, DAVEAU R S, et al. Indistinguishable and efficient single photons from a quantum dot in a planar nanobeam waveguide[J]. Physical Review, 2017, B96(16): 165306.
[55]	MICHLER P, IMAMOǦLU A, MASON M D, et al. Quantum correlation among photons from a single quantum dot at room temperature[J]. Nature, 2000, 406(6799): 968-970.
[56]	REITHMAIER G, LICHTMANNECKER S, REICHERT T, et al. On-chip time resolved detection of quantum dot emission using integrated superconducting single photon detectors[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013, 3: 1901-1906.
[57]	LIN X, DAI X, PU C, et al. Electrically-driven single-photon sources based on colloidal quantum dots with near-optimal antibunching at room temperature[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 1132.
[58]	FENG S W, CHENG C Y, WEI C Y, et al. Purification of single photons from room-temperature quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 119(14): 143601.
[59]	LOHRMANN A, IWAMOTO N, BODROG Z, et al. Single-photon emitting diode in silicon carbide[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7783.
[60]	AVSAR A, TAN J Y, LUO X, et al. van der Waals bonded Co/h-BN contacts to ultrathin black phosphorus devices. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(9): 5361-5367.
[61]	GOLD P, THOMA A, MAIER S, et al. Two-photon interference from remote quantum dots with inhomogeneously broadened linewidths[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B89(3): 035313.
[62]	REINDL M, JONS K D, HUBER D, et al. Phonon-assisted two-photon interference from remote quantum emitters[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(7): 4090-4095.
[63]	DELTEIL A, SUN Z, FÄLT S, et al. Realization of a cascaded quantum system: Heralded absorption of a single photon qubit by a single-electron charged quantum dot[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(17): 177401.
[64]	DING F, SINGH R, PLUMHOF J D, et al. Tuning the exciton binding energies in single self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots by piezoelectric-induced biaxial stress[J]. Physical Review Le-tters, 2010, 104(6): 067405.
[65]	ZOPF M, MACHA T, KEIL R, et al. Frequency feedback for two-photon interference from separate quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2018, B98(16): 161302.
[66]	DENG Y H, WANG H, DING X, et al. Quantum interference between light sources separated by 150 million kilometers[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 123(8): 080401.
[67]	ZHANG R, GARNER S R, HAU L V. Creation of long-term coherent optical memory via controlled nonlinear interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(23): 233602.
[68]	SPECHT H P, NÖLLEKE C, REISERER A, et al. A single-atom quantum memory[J]. Nature, 2011, 473(7346): 190-193.
[69]	SHIELDS A J. Semiconductor quantum light sources[J]. Nature Photonics, 2007, 1: 215-223.
[70]	HUANG H, TROTTA R, HUO Y, et al. Electrically-pumped wavelength-tunable GaAs quantum dots interfaced with rubidium atoms[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(4): 868-872.
[71]	ORIEUX A, VERSTEEGH M A M, JÖNS K D, et al. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: A review[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2017, 80(7): 076001.
[72]	GONG M, ZHANG W, GUO G C, et al. Exciton polarization, fine-structure splitting, and the asymmetry of quantum dots under uniaxial stress[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106(22): 227401.
[73]	RASTELLI A, DING F, PLUMHOF J D, et al. Controlling quantum dot emission by integration of semiconductor nanomembranes onto piezoelectric actuators[J]. Physica Status Solidi (b), 2012, 249(4): 687-696.
[74]	GERARDOT B D, SEIDL S, DALGARNO P A, et al. Manipulating exciton fine structure in quantum dots with a lateral electric field[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(4): 041101.
[75]	BENNETT A J, POOLEY M A, STEVENSON R M, et al. Electric-field-induced coherent coupling of the exciton states in a single quantum dot[J]. Nature Physics, 2010, 6(12): 947-951.
[76]	HUDSON A J, STEVENSON R M, BENNETT A J, et al. Coherence of an entangled exciton-photon state[J]. Physical Review Le-tters, 2007, 99(26): 266802.
[77]	SAPIENZA L, MALEIN R N E, KUKLEWICZ C E, et al. Exciton fine-structure splitting of telecom-wavelength single quantum dots: Statistics and external strain tuning[J]. Physical Review, 2013, B88(15): 155330.
[78]	PATEL R B, BENNETT A J, FARRER I, et al. Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(9): 632-635.
[79]	DELTEIL A, SUN Z, GAO W, et al. Generation of heralded entanglement between distant hole spins[J]. Nature Physics, 2016, 12(3): 218-233.
[80]	HÖFER B, OLBRICH F, KETTLER J, et al. Tuning emission energy and fine structure splitting in quantum dots emitting in the telecom O-band[J]. AIP Advances, 2019, 9(8): 085112.
[81]	TROTTA R, ZALLO E, ORTIX C, et al. Universal recovery of the energy-level degeneracy of bright excitons in InGaAs quantum dots without a structure symmetry[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(14): 147401.
[82]	LIU Z K, YANG L X, WU S C, et al. Observation of unusual topological surface states in half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi (Ln= Lu, Y)[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 12924.
[83]	SALTER C L, STEVENSON R M, FARRER I, et al. An entangled-light-emitting diode[J]. Nature, 2010, 465(7298): 594-597.
[84]	CHUNG T H, JUSKA G, MORONI S T, et al. Selective carrier injection into patterned arrays of pyramidal quantum dots for entangled photon light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(12): 782-787.
[85]	KEIL R, ZOPF M, CHEN Y, et al. Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15501.
[86]	XIANG Z H, HUWER J, STEVENSON R M, et al. Long-term transmission of entangled photons from a single quantum dot over deployed fiber[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9: 4111.
[87]	JUSKA G, DIMASTRODONATO V, MERENI L O, et al. Towards quantum-dot arrays of entangled photon emitters[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(7): 527-531.
[88]	MUSIAŁ A, GOLD P, ANDRZEJEWSKI J, et al. Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B90(4): 045430.
[89]	WATANABE K, KOGUCHI N, GOTOH Y. Fabrication of GaAs quantum dots by modified droplet epitaxy[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2000, 39(2A): L79-L81.
[90]	WANG Z M, LIANG B L, SABLON K A, et al. Nanoholes fabricated by self-assembled gallium nanodrill on GaAs (100)[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(11): 113120.
[91]	HUO Y H, RASTELLI A, SCHMIDT O G. Ultra-small excitonic fine structure splitting in highly symmetric quantum dots on GaAs (001) substrate[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(15): 152105.
[92]	HUO Y H, KŘÁPEK V, RASTELLI A, et al. Volume dependence of excitonic fine structure splitting in geometrically similar quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B90(4): 041304.
[93]	HUBER D, REINDL M, HUO Y, et al. Highly indistinguishable and strongly entangled photons from symmetric GaAs quantum dots[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15506.
[94]	BASSO BASSET F, BIETTI S, REINDL M, et al. High-yield fabrication of entangled photon emitters for hybrid quantum networking using high-temperature droplet epitaxy[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 18(1): 505-512.
[95]	FURIS M, HTOON H, PETRUSKA M A, et al. Bright-exciton fine structure and anisotropic exchange in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2006, B73(24): 241313.
[96]	GIOVANNETTI V, LLOYD S, MACCONE L. Quantum-enhanced measurements: Beating the standard quantum limit[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5700): 1330-1336.
[97]	HACKER B, WELTE S, REMPE G, et al. A photon-photon quantum gate based on a single atom in an optical resonator[J]. Nature, 2016, 536(7615): 193-196.
[98]	LEE J P, BENNETT A J, STEVENSON R M, et al. Multi-dimensional photonic states from a quantum dot[J]. Quantum Science and Technology, 2018, 3(2): 024008.
[99]	BENNETT A J, LEE J P, ELLIS D J P, et al. Cavity-enhanced coherent light scattering from a quantum dot[J]. Science Advances, 2016, 2(4): e1501256.
[100]	MVLLER M, VURAL H, SCHNEIDER C, et al. Quantum-dot single-photon sources for entanglement enhanced interferometry[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(25): 257402.
[101]	PERNICE W H P, SCHUCK C, MINAEVA O, et al. High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits[J]. Nature Communications, 2012, 3: 1325.
[102]	CLAUDON J, BLEUSE J, MALIK N S, et al. A highly efficient single-photon source based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(3): 174-177.
[103]	GAO W B, FALLAHI P, TOGAN E, et al. Quantum teleportation from a propagating photon to a solid-state spin qubit[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4: 2744.
[104]	GAZZANO O, de VASCONCELLOS S M, ARNOLD C, et al. Bright solid-state sources of indistinguishable single photons[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4: 1425.
[105]	DIAMANTI E, LO H K, QI B, et al. Practical challenges in quantum key distribution[J]. NPJ Uantum Information, 2016, 2: 16025.
[106]	CHEN Y, ZHANG J, ZOPF M, et al. Wavelength-tunable entangled photons from silicon-integrated Ⅲ-Ⅴ quantum dots[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7: 10387.
[107]	PRTLJAGA N, COLES R J, O'HARA J, et al. Monolithic integration of a quantum emitter with a compact on-chip beam-splitter[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 104(23): 231107.
[108]	JÖNS K D, RENGSTL U, OSTER M, et al. Monolithic on-chip integration of semiconductor waveguides, beamsplitters and single-photon sources[J]. Journal of Physics, 2015, D48(8): 085101.
[109]	MIDOLO L, HANSEN S L, ZHANG W, et al. Electro-optic routing of photons from a single quantum dot in photonic integrated circuits[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25(26): 33514.
[110]	DAVANCO M, LIU J, SAPIENZA L, et al. Heterogeneous integration for on-chip quantum photonic circuits with single quantum dot devices[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 889.
[111]	KIM J H, AGHAEIMEIBODI S, RICHARDSON C J K, et al. Hybrid integration of solid-state quantum emitters on a silicon photonic chip[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(12): 7394-7400.
[112]	ELSHAARI A W, ZADEH I E, FOGNINI A, et al. On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 379.
[113]	GSCHREY M, THOMA A, SCHNAUBER P, et al. Highly indistinguishable photons from deterministic quantum-dot microlenses utilizing three-dimensional in situ electron-beam lithography[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6: 7662.
[114]	SANTORI C, FATTAL D, VUČKIVUC' J, et al. Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device[J]. Nature, 2002, 419(6907): 594-597.
[115]	KIM J H, RICHARDSON C J K, LEAVITT R P, et al. Two-photon interference from the far-field emission of chip-integrated cavity-coupled emitters[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(11): 7061-7066.
[116]	WU X, JIANG P, RAZINSKAS G, et al. On-chip single-plasmon nanocircuit driven by a self-assembled quantum dot[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(7): 4291-4296.
[117]	KEIL R, KAUFMANN T, KAUTEN T, et al. Hybrid waveguide-bulk multi-path interferometer with switchable amplitude and phase[J]. APL Photonics, 2016, 1(8): 081302.
[118]	ZADEH I E, ELSHAARI A W, JÖNS K D, et al. Deterministic integration of single photon sources in silicon based photonic circuits[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(4): 2289-2294.
[119]	YUAN X, WEYHAUSEN-BRINKMANN F, MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ J, et al. Uniaxial stress flips the natural quantization axis of a quantum dot for integrated quantum photonics[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9: 3058.
[120]	LIN H, LIN C H, LAI W C, et al. Stress tuning of strong and weak couplings between quantum dots and cavity modes in microdisk microcavities[J]. Physical Review, 2011, B84(20): 201301.
[121]	SILVERSTONE J W, BONNEAU D, O'BRIEN J L, et al. Silicon quantum photonics[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(6): 390-402.
[122]	REITHMAIER G, KANIBER M, FLASSIG F, et al. On-chip generation, routing, and detection of resonance fluorescence[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(8): 5208-5213.
[123]	CALIC M, JARLOV C, GALLO P, et al. Deterministic radiative coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots to the optical mode of a photonic crystal nanocavity[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 4100.
[124]	STRAUβ M, KAGANSKIY A, VOIGT R, et al. Resonance fluorescence of a site-controlled quantum dot realized by the buried-stressor growth technique[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2017, 110(11): 111101.
[125]	JONS K D, ATKINSON P, MVLLER M, et al. Triggered indistinguishable single photons with narrow line widths from site-controlled quantum dots[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 13(1): 126-130.
[126]	DOUSSE A, LANCO L, SUFFCZYN'SKI J, et al. Controlled light-matter coupling for a single quantum dot embedded in a pillar microcavity using far-field optical lithography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2008, 101(26): 267404.
[127]	SCHNAUBER P, SCHALL J, BOUNOUAR S, et al. Deterministic integration of quantum dots into on-chip multimode interference beamsplitters using in situ electron beam lithography[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(4): 2336-2342.
[128]	HALLETT D, FOSTER A P, HURST D L, et al. Electrical control of nonlinear quantum optics in a nano-photonic waveguide[J]. Optica, 2018, 5(5): 644-650.
[129]	PYAYT A L, WILEY B, XIA Y, et al. Integration of photonic and silver nanowire plasmonic waveguides[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2008, 3(11): 660-665.
[130]	GUO X, QIU M, BAO J, et al. Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9(12): 4515-4519.
[131]	WEI H, WANG Z, TIAN X, et al. Cascaded logic gates in nanophotonic plasmon networks[J]. Nature Communications, 2011, 2: 387.
[132]	WEI H, XU H. Nanowire-based plasmonic waveguides and devices for integrated nanophotonic circuits[J]. Nanophotonics, 2012, 1(2): 155-169.
[133]	CHANG D E, SØRENSEN A S, DEMLER E A, et al. A single-photon transistor using nanoscale surface plasmons[J]. Nature Physics, 2007, 3(11): 807-812.
[134]	KUMAR S, HUCK A, ANDERSEN U L. Efficient coupling of a single diamond color center to propagating plasmonic gap modes[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(3): 1221-1225.
[135]	LI Q, WEI H, XU H. Quantum yield of single surface plasmons generated by a quantum dot coupled with a silver nanowire[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(12): 8181-8187.
[136]	LI Q, PAN D, WEI H, et al. Plasmon-assisted selective and super-resolving excitation of individual quantum emitters on a metal nanowire[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(3): 2009-2015.
[137]	SONG H Zh, USUKI T, HIROSE S, et al. Site-controlled photoluminescence at telecommunication wavelength from InAs/InP quantum dots[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 86(11): 113118.
[138]	DALACU D, MNAYMNEH K, SAZONOVA V, et al. Deterministic emitter-cavity coupling using a single-site controlled quantum dot[J]. Physical Review, 2010, B82(3): 033301.
[139]	DALACU D, MNAYMNEH K, LAPOINTE J, et al. Ultraclean emission from InAsP quantum dots in defect-free wurtzite InP nanowires[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(11): 5919-5923.
[140]	KEIL R, ZOPF M, CHEN Y, et al. Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8: 15501.
[141]	JÖNS K D, SCHWEICKERT L, VERSTEEGH M A M, et al. Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell's inequality[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7: 1700.
[142]	HUBER T, PREDOJEVIC A, KHOSHNEGAR M, et al. Polarization entangled photons from quantum dots embedded in nanowires[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(12): 7107-7114.
[143]	HAFFOUZ S, ZEUNER K D, DALACU D, et al. Bright single InAsP quantum dots at telecom wavelengths in position-controlled InP nanowires: The role of the photonic waveguide[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(5): 3047-3052.
[144]	UNOLD T, MUELLER K, LIENAU C, et al. Optical control of excitons in a pair of quantum dots coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94(13): 137404.
[145]	KASPRZAK J, PATTON B, SAVONA V, et al. Coherent coupling between distant excitons revealed by two-dimensional nonlinear hyperspectral imaging[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(1): 57-63.
[146]	TEMNOV V V, WOGGON U. Superradiance and subradiance in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of two-level systems coupled to a low-Q cavity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(24): 243602.
[147]	BETZIG E, CHICHESTER R J. Single molecules observed by near-field scanning optical microscopy[J]. Science, 1993, 262(5138): 1422-1425.
[148]	de ASSIS P L, YEO I, GLOPPE A, et al. Strain-gradient position mapping of semiconductor quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(11): 117401.
[149]	SONG H Zh, USUKI T, NAKATA Y, et al. Formation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots from a subcritical InAs wetting layer: A reflection high-energy electron diffraction and theoretical study[J]. Physical Review, 2006, B73(11): 115327.
[150]	LIU J, KONTHASINGHE K, DAVANÇO M, et al. Single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots in photonic nanostructures: The role of nanofabrication[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2018, 9(6): 064019.
[151]	KREINBERG S, PORTE X, SCHICKE D, et al. Mutual coupling and synchronization of optically coupled quantum-dot micropillar lasers at ultra-low light levels[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10: 1539.
[152]	STOCK E, ALBERT F, HOPFMANN C, et al. On-chip quantum optics with quantum dot microcavities[J]. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25(5): 707-710.

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Figures(9)

Get Citation

PDF

XML

Article views(15993) PDF downloads(48) Cited by()

Proportional views

HTML

引言

量子信息处理技术正在快速发展并将成为未来信息网络的核心技术。量子信息处理系统可以由超导体、光子、电子等多种物理体系构成^[1]。在利用光学和光子元件的系统中，量子光源是量子通信^[2]、量子计算^[3]和量子测量^[4-5]等多种量子应用领域的基本构件。光量子技术需要高效的、按需发射的、高度全同的单光子源或者光子纠缠源^[6]。自发参量下转换虽然提供了很高全同性的光子，但其亮度较低、可扩展性较差。因此，具有纳米结构的固体光子源，如半导体量子点或金刚石色心等的发展受到了人们的广泛关注^[7]。半导体量子点具有类似于单个原子系统的离散量子态，因此拥有巨大的潜力被用作优良的量子光源^[8]。目前，半导体量子点是性能最好的光子产生系统，几乎所有物理特性都具有很高的品质，如光子产生率高、光学相干性好、光谱可调谐范围广等^[9]。最重要的是，量子点作为按需纠缠光子对的最有前途的候选源，在未来的量子信息系统中具有广阔的应用前景^[10-13]。基于量子点的半导体量子光源在近20年来得到了广泛而深入的研究，基于量子点的量子光源被用于制备自旋光子纠缠、量子密钥分发、量子态转移和量子中继器^[14-19]，在构建量子网络中发挥了重要作用。特别是近年来，量子点量子光源的发展比以往有了更大的进步^[20-22]。

本文中从基于量子点的单光子光源、基于量子点的纠缠光源以及量子点量子光源的片上集成3个方面综述了量子点量子光源的研究进展。

4. 结束语

半导体量子点被认为是量子光源的最佳选择，本文中综述了近年来基于半导体量子点的量子光源的科学和技术进展。基于量子点的单光子源已经实现了近乎完美的全同性，纯度达到10^-3量级，收集效率接近70%；即使在通信频段，其亮度也得到了大大提升；等离子体及其相关纳米结构开始在改善量子点单光子发射源方面发挥重要作用；量子点单光子源的室温工作和电驱动已不再是一项艰巨的任务，甚至可以实现远程量子点量子光源之间的关联。基于半导体量子点的纠缠光源进展很大，量子比特率已高达10kHz；原位生长等技术大大改善了量子点的整体对称性，使纠缠保真度达到0.94；半导体量子点的多光子纠缠已经成为现实。量子点被进一步证明是量子信息处理中最好的按需、纠缠、片上集成的量子光源。量子点量子光源已经实现了与在电子、光子芯片上的集成；通过集成，量子点量子光源实现了与其它器件的量子交互；原位控制和片上电驱动技术进步很大，解决了实现全片上量子集成的关键工艺。研究进展表明了量子点量子光源在量子信息领域的良好应用前景。

Reference (152)

[1]	NIELSEN M A, CHUANG I, GROVER L K. Quantum computation and quantum information[J]. American Journal of Physics, 2002, 70(5): 558-559.
[2]	BEVERATOS A, BROURI R, GACOIN T. Single photon quantum cryptography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2002, 89(18): 187901-.
[3]	CHEUNG J Y, CHUNNILALL C J, WOOLLIAMS E R. The quantum candela: A re-definition of the standard units for optical radiation[J]. Journal of Modern Optics, 2007, 54(2/3): 373-396.
[4]	KOK P, MUNRO W J, NEMOTO K. Linear optical quantum computing with photonic qubits[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2007, 79(1): 135-174.
[5]	ASPURU-GUZIK A, WALTHER P. Photonic quantum simulators[J]. Nature Physics, 2012, 8(4): 285-291.
[6]	O'BRIEN J L, FURUSAWA A, VUČKOVIC' J. Photonic quantum technologies[J]. Nature Photonics, 2009, 3(12): 687-695.
[7]	AHARONOVICH I, ENGLUND D, TOTH M. Solid-state single-photon emitters[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(10): 631-641.
[8]	LODAHL P, MAHMOODIAN S, STOBBE S. Interfacing single photons and single quantum dots with photonic nanostructures[J]. Reviews of Modern Physics, 2015, 87(2): 347-400.
[9]	ATATVRE M, ENGLUND D, VAMIVAKAS N. Material platforms for spin-based photonic quantum technologies[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2018, 3(5): 38-51.
[10]	AKOPIAN N, LINDNER N H, POEM E. Entangled photon pairs from semiconductor quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2006, 96(13): 130501-.
[11]	YOUNG R J, STEVENSON R M, ATKINSON P. Improved fidelity of triggered entangled photons from single quantum dots[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2006, 8(2): 29-39.
[12]	HAFENBRAK R, ULRICH S M, MICHLER P. Triggered polarization-entangled photon pairs from a single quantum dot up to 30K[J]. New Journal of Physics, 2007, 9(9): 315-331.
[13]	CHUNNILALL C J, DEGIOVANNI I P, KVCK S. Metrology of single-photon sources and detectors: A review[J]. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(8): 081910-.
[14]	de GREVE K, YU L, MCMAHON P L. Quantum-dot spin-photon entanglement via frequency downconversion to telecom wavelength[J]. Nature, 2012, 491(7424): 421-425.
[15]	GAO W B, FALLAHI P, TOGAN E. Observation of entanglement between a quantum dot spin and a single photon[J]. Nature, 2012, 491(7424): 426-430.
[16]	SCHAIBLEY J R, BURGERS A P, McCRACKEN G A. Demonstration of quantum entanglement between a single electron spin confined to an InAs quantum dot and a photon[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2013, 110(16): 167401-.
[17]	TAKEMOTO K, NAMBU Y, MIYAZAWA T. Quantum key distribution over 120km using ultrahigh purity single-photon source and superconducting single-photon detectors[J]. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5(): 14383-.
[18]	HE Y, HE Y M, WEI Y J. Quantum state transfer from a single photon to a distant quantum-dot electron spin[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 119(6): 060501-.
[19]	VARNAVA C, STEVENSON R M, NILSSON J. An entangled-LED-driven quantum relay over 1km[J]. NPJ Quantum Information, 2016, 2(): 16006-.
[20]	SENELLART P, SOLOMON G, WHITE A. High-performance semiconductor quantum-dot single-photon sources[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2017, 12(11): 1026-1039.
[21]	LODAHL P. Quantum-dot based photonic quantum networks[J]. Quantum Science and Technology, 2017, 3(1): 013001-.
[22]	HUBER D, REINDL M, ABERL J. Semiconductor quantum dots as an ideal source of polarization-entangled photon pairs on-demand: A review[J]. Journal of Optics, 2018, 20(7): 073002-.
[23]	BENSON O, SANTORI C, PELTON M. Regulated and entangled photons from a single quantum dot[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2000, 84(11): 2513-2516.
[24]	GÉRARD J M, SERMAGE B, GAYRAL B. Enhanced spontaneous emission by quantum boxes in a monolithic optical microcavity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1998, 81(5): 1110-1113.
[25]	LODAHL P, van DRIEL A F, NIKOLAEV I S. Controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emission from quantum dots by photonic crystals[J]. Nature, 2004, 430(7000): 654-657.
[26]	ENGLUND D, FATTAL D, WAKS E. Controlling the spontaneous emission rate of single quantum dots in a two-dimensional photonic crystal[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(1): 013904-.
[27]	GRANGE T, HORNECKER G, HUNGER D. Cavity-funneled generation of indistinguishable single photons from strongly dissipative quantum emitters[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(19): 193601-.
[28]	SAPIENZA L, DAVANO M, BADOLATO A. Nanoscale optical positioning of single quantum dots for bright and pure single-photon emission[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(): 8833-.
[29]	TOMAŠ M S, LENAC Z. Spontaneous-emission spectrum in an absorbing Fabry-Perot cavity[J]. Physical Review, 1999, A60(3): 2431-2437.
[30]	CHOY J T, HAUSMANN B J M, BABINEC T M. Enhanced single-photon emission from a diamond-silver aperture[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(12): 738-743.
[31]	BARNES W L, BJÖRK G, GÉRARD J M. Solid-state single photon sources: Light collection strategies[J]. The European Physical Journal, 2002, D18(2): 197-210.
[32]	SOMASCHI N, GIESZ V, de SANTIS L. Near-optimal single-photon sources in the solid state[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(5): 340-345.
[33]	LOREDO J C, BROOME M A, HILAIRE P. Boson sampling with single-photon fock states from a bright solid-state source[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(13): 130503-.
[34]	LIAO S K, YONG H L, LIU C. Long-distance free-space quantum key distribution in daylight towards inter-satellite communication[J]. Nature Photonics, 2017, 11(8): 509-513.
[35]	MERMILLOD Q, JAKUBCZYK T, DELMONTE V. Harvesting, coupling, and control of single-exciton coherences in photonic waveguide antennas[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(16): 163903-.
[36]	DING X, HE Y, DUAN Z C. On-demand single photons with high extraction efficiency and near-unity indistinguishability from a resonantly driven quantum dot in a micropillar[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2016, 116(2): 020401-.
[37]	MIYAZAWA T, TAKEMOTO K, SAKUMA Y. Single-photon generation in the 1.55μm optical-fiber band from an InAs/InP quantum dot[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2005, 44(5L): L620-L622.
[38]	SONG H Z, TAKEMOTO K, MIYAZAWA T. Design of Si/SiO₂ micropillar cavities for Purcell-enhanced single photon emission at 1.55μm from InAs/InP quantum dots[J]. Optics Letters, 2013, 38(17): 3241-3244.
[39]	SONG H Zh, TAKEMOTO K, MIYAZAWA T. High quality-factor Si/SiO₂-InP hybrid micropillar cavities with submicrometer diameter for 1.55μm telecommunication band[J]. Optics Express, 2015, 23(12): 16264-16272.
[40]	SONG H Z, HADI M, ZHENG Y. InGaAsP/InP nanocavity for single-photon source at 1.55μm telecommunication band[J]. Nanoscale Research Letters, 2017, 12(1): 128-135.
[41]	KIM J H, CAI T, RICHARDSON C J K. Two-photon interference from a bright single-photon source at telecom wavelengths[J]. Optica, 2016, 3(6): 577-584.
[42]	BIROWOSUTO M D, SUMIKURA H, MATSUO S. Fast Purcell-enhanced single photon source in 1550nm telecom band from a resonant quantum dot-cavity coupling[J]. Scientific Reports, 2012, 2(): 321-326.
[43]	ARCARI M, SÖLLNER I, JAVADI A. Near-unity coupling efficiency of a quantum emitter to a photonic crystal waveguide[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2014, 113(9): 093603-.
[44]	THYRRESTRUP H, KIRŠANSKÉ G, le JEANNIC H. Quantum optics with near-lifetime-limited quantum-dot transitions in a nanophotonic waveguide[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(3): 1801-1806.
[45]	RALPH T C, SÖLLNER I, MAHMOODIAN S. Photon sorting, efficient Bell measurements, and a deterministic controlled-Z gate using a passive two-level nonlinearity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2015, 114(17): 173603-.
[46]	OZEL T, NIZAMOGLU S, SEFUNC M A. Anisotropic emission from multilayered plasmon resonator nanocomposites of isotropic semiconductor quantum dots[J]. ACS Nano, 2011, 5(2): 1328-1334.
[47]	BELACEL C, HABERT B, BIGOURDAN F. Controlling spontaneous emission with plasmonic optical patch antennas[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(4): 1516-1521.
[48]	ZHUKOVSKY S V, OZEL T, MUTLUGUN E. Hyperbolic metamaterials based on quantum-dot plasmon-resonator nanocomposites[J]. Optics Express, 2014, 22(15): 18290-18298.
[49]	CONANT R T, DRIJBER R A, HADDIX M L. Sensitivity of organic matter decomposition to warming varies with its quality[J]. Global Change Biology, 2008, 14(4): 868-877.
[50]	LI L, WANG W, LUK T S. Enhanced quantum dot spontaneous emission with multilayer metamaterial nanostructures[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(3): 501-508.
[51]	KOZAI T D Y, LANGHALS N B, PATEL P R. Ultrasmall implantable composite microelectrodes with bioactive surfaces for chronic neural interfaces[J]. Nature Materials, 2012, 11(12): 1065-1073.
[52]	BORETTI A, ROSA L, MACKIE A. Electrically driven quantum light sources[J]. Advanced Optical Materials, 2015, 3(8): 1012-1033.
[53]	KUHLMANN A V, PRECHTEL J H, HOUEL J. Transform-limited single photons from a single quantum dot[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(): 82041-1-8-.
[54]	KIRŠANSKÉ G, THYRRESTRUP H, DAVEAU R S. Indistinguishable and efficient single photons from a quantum dot in a planar nanobeam waveguide[J]. Physical Review, 2017, B96(16): 165306-.
[55]	MICHLER P, IMAMOǦLU A, MASON M D. Quantum correlation among photons from a single quantum dot at room temperature[J]. Nature, 2000, 406(6799): 968-970.
[56]	REITHMAIER G, LICHTMANNECKER S, REICHERT T. On-chip time resolved detection of quantum dot emission using integrated superconducting single photon detectors[J]. Scientific Reports, 2013, 3(): 1901-1906.
[57]	LIN X, DAI X, PU C. Electrically-driven single-photon sources based on colloidal quantum dots with near-optimal antibunching at room temperature[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 1132-.
[58]	FENG S W, CHENG C Y, WEI C Y. Purification of single photons from room-temperature quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 119(14): 143601-.
[59]	LOHRMANN A, IWAMOTO N, BODROG Z. Single-photon emitting diode in silicon carbide[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(): 7783-.
[60]	AVSAR A, TAN J Y, LUO X. van der Waals bonded Co/h-BN contacts to ultrathin black phosphorus devices[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(9): 5361-5367.
[61]	GOLD P, THOMA A, MAIER S. Two-photon interference from remote quantum dots with inhomogeneously broadened linewidths[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B89(3): 035313-.
[62]	REINDL M, JONS K D, HUBER D. Phonon-assisted two-photon interference from remote quantum emitters[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(7): 4090-4095.
[63]	DELTEIL A, SUN Z, FÄLT S. Realization of a cascaded quantum system: Heralded absorption of a single photon qubit by a single-electron charged quantum dot[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(17): 177401-.
[64]	DING F, SINGH R, PLUMHOF J D. Tuning the exciton binding energies in single self-assembled InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots by piezoelectric-induced biaxial stress[J]. Physical Review Le-tters, 2010, 104(6): 067405-.
[65]	ZOPF M, MACHA T, KEIL R. Frequency feedback for two-photon interference from separate quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2018, B98(16): 161302-.
[66]	DENG Y H, WANG H, DING X. Quantum interference between light sources separated by 150 million kilometers[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2019, 123(8): 080401-.
[67]	ZHANG R, GARNER S R, HAU L V. Creation of long-term coherent optical memory via controlled nonlinear interactions in Bose-Einstein condensates[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2009, 103(23): 233602-.
[68]	SPECHT H P, NÖLLEKE C, REISERER A. A single-atom quantum memory[J]. Nature, 2011, 473(7346): 190-193.
[69]	SHIELDS A J. Semiconductor quantum light sources[J]. Nature Photonics, 2007, 1(): 215-223.
[70]	HUANG H, TROTTA R, HUO Y. Electrically-pumped wavelength-tunable GaAs quantum dots interfaced with rubidium atoms[J]. ACS Photonics, 2017, 4(4): 868-872.
[71]	ORIEUX A, VERSTEEGH M A M, JÖNS K D. Semiconductor devices for entangled photon pair generation: A review[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2017, 80(7): 076001-.
[72]	GONG M, ZHANG W, GUO G C. Exciton polarization, fine-structure splitting, and the asymmetry of quantum dots under uniaxial stress[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2011, 106(22): 227401-.
[73]	RASTELLI A, DING F, PLUMHOF J D. Controlling quantum dot emission by integration of semiconductor nanomembranes onto piezoelectric actuators[J]. Physica Status Solidi (b), 2012, 249(4): 687-696.
[74]	GERARDOT B D, SEIDL S, DALGARNO P A. Manipulating exciton fine structure in quantum dots with a lateral electric field[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(4): 041101-.
[75]	BENNETT A J, POOLEY M A, STEVENSON R M. Electric-field-induced coherent coupling of the exciton states in a single quantum dot[J]. Nature Physics, 2010, 6(12): 947-951.
[76]	HUDSON A J, STEVENSON R M, BENNETT A J. Coherence of an entangled exciton-photon state[J]. Physical Review Le-tters, 2007, 99(26): 266802-.
[77]	SAPIENZA L, MALEIN R N E, KUKLEWICZ C E. Exciton fine-structure splitting of telecom-wavelength single quantum dots: Statistics and external strain tuning[J]. Physical Review, 2013, B88(15): 155330-.
[78]	PATEL R B, BENNETT A J, FARRER I. Two-photon interference of the emission from electrically tunable remote quantum dots[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(9): 632-635.
[79]	DELTEIL A, SUN Z, GAO W. Generation of heralded entanglement between distant hole spins[J]. Nature Physics, 2016, 12(3): 218-233.
[80]	HÖFER B, OLBRICH F, KETTLER J. Tuning emission energy and fine structure splitting in quantum dots emitting in the telecom O-band[J]. AIP Advances, 2019, 9(8): 085112-.
[81]	TROTTA R, ZALLO E, ORTIX C. Universal recovery of the energy-level degeneracy of bright excitons in InGaAs quantum dots without a structure symmetry[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2012, 109(14): 147401-.
[82]	LIU Z K, YANG L X, WU S C. Observation of unusual topological surface states in half-Heusler compounds LnPtBi (Ln= Lu, Y)[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(): 12924-.
[83]	SALTER C L, STEVENSON R M, FARRER I. An entangled-light-emitting diode[J]. Nature, 2010, 465(7298): 594-597.
[84]	CHUNG T H, JUSKA G, MORONI S T. Selective carrier injection into patterned arrays of pyramidal quantum dots for entangled photon light-emitting diodes[J]. Nature Photonics, 2016, 10(12): 782-787.
[85]	KEIL R, ZOPF M, CHEN Y. Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 15501-.
[86]	XIANG Z H, HUWER J, STEVENSON R M. Long-term transmission of entangled photons from a single quantum dot over deployed fiber[J]. Scientific Reports, 2019, 9(): 4111-.
[87]	JUSKA G, DIMASTRODONATO V, MERENI L O. Towards quantum-dot arrays of entangled photon emitters[J]. Nature Photonics, 2013, 7(7): 527-531.
[88]	MUSIAŁ A, GOLD P, ANDRZEJEWSKI J. Toward weak confinement regime in epitaxial nanostructures: Interdependence of spatial character of quantum confinement and wave function extension in large and elongated quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B90(4): 045430-.
[89]	WATANABE K, KOGUCHI N, GOTOH Y. Fabrication of GaAs quantum dots by modified droplet epitaxy[J]. Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, 2000, 39(2A): L79-L81.
[90]	WANG Z M, LIANG B L, SABLON K A. Nanoholes fabricated by self-assembled gallium nanodrill on GaAs (100)[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2007, 90(11): 113120-.
[91]	HUO Y H, RASTELLI A, SCHMIDT O G. Ultra-small excitonic fine structure splitting in highly symmetric quantum dots on GaAs (001) substrate[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2013, 102(15): 152105-.
[92]	HUO Y H, KŘÁPEK V, RASTELLI A. Volume dependence of excitonic fine structure splitting in geometrically similar quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2014, B90(4): 041304-.
[93]	HUBER D, REINDL M, HUO Y. Highly indistinguishable and strongly entangled photons from symmetric GaAs quantum dots[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 15506-.
[94]	BASSO BASSET F, BIETTI S, REINDL M. High-yield fabrication of entangled photon emitters for hybrid quantum networking using high-temperature droplet epitaxy[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 18(1): 505-512.
[95]	FURIS M, HTOON H, PETRUSKA M A. Bright-exciton fine structure and anisotropic exchange in CdSe nanocrystal quantum dots[J]. Physical Review, 2006, B73(24): 241313-.
[96]	GIOVANNETTI V, LLOYD S, MACCONE L. Quantum-enhanced measurements: Beating the standard quantum limit[J]. Science, 2004, 306(5700): 1330-1336.
[97]	HACKER B, WELTE S, REMPE G. A photon-photon quantum gate based on a single atom in an optical resonator[J]. Nature, 2016, 536(7615): 193-196.
[98]	LEE J P, BENNETT A J, STEVENSON R M. Multi-dimensional photonic states from a quantum dot[J]. Quantum Science and Technology, 2018, 3(2): 024008-.
[99]	BENNETT A J, LEE J P, ELLIS D J P. Cavity-enhanced coherent light scattering from a quantum dot[J]. Science Advances, 2016, 2(4): e1501256-.
[100]	MVLLER M, VURAL H, SCHNEIDER C. Quantum-dot single-photon sources for entanglement enhanced interferometry[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(25): 257402-.
[101]	PERNICE W H P, SCHUCK C, MINAEVA O. High-speed and high-efficiency travelling wave single-photon detectors embedded in nanophotonic circuits[J]. Nature Communications, 2012, 3(): 1325-.
[102]	CLAUDON J, BLEUSE J, MALIK N S. A highly efficient single-photon source based on a quantum dot in a photonic nanowire[J]. Nature Photonics, 2010, 4(3): 174-177.
[103]	GAO W B, FALLAHI P, TOGAN E. Quantum teleportation from a propagating photon to a solid-state spin qubit[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4(): 2744-.
[104]	GAZZANO O, de VASCONCELLOS S M, ARNOLD C. Bright solid-state sources of indistinguishable single photons[J]. Nature Communications, 2013, 4(): 1425-.
[105]	DIAMANTI E, LO H K, QI B. Practical challenges in quantum key distribution[J]. NPJ Uantum Information, 2016, 2(): 16025-.
[106]	CHEN Y, ZHANG J, ZOPF M. Wavelength-tunable entangled photons from silicon-integrated Ⅲ-Ⅴ quantum dots[J]. Nature Communications, 2016, 7(): 10387-.
[107]	PRTLJAGA N, COLES R J, O'HARA J. Monolithic integration of a quantum emitter with a compact on-chip beam-splitter[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2014, 104(23): 231107-.
[108]	JÖNS K D, RENGSTL U, OSTER M. Monolithic on-chip integration of semiconductor waveguides, beamsplitters and single-photon sources[J]. Journal of Physics, 2015, D48(8): 085101-.
[109]	MIDOLO L, HANSEN S L, ZHANG W. Electro-optic routing of photons from a single quantum dot in photonic integrated circuits[J]. Optics Express, 2017, 25(26): 33514-.
[110]	DAVANCO M, LIU J, SAPIENZA L. Heterogeneous integration for on-chip quantum photonic circuits with single quantum dot devices[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 889-.
[111]	KIM J H, AGHAEIMEIBODI S, RICHARDSON C J K. Hybrid integration of solid-state quantum emitters on a silicon photonic chip[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(12): 7394-7400.
[112]	ELSHAARI A W, ZADEH I E, FOGNINI A. On-chip single photon filtering and multiplexing in hybrid quantum photonic circuits[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 379-.
[113]	GSCHREY M, THOMA A, SCHNAUBER P. Highly indistinguishable photons from deterministic quantum-dot microlenses utilizing three-dimensional in situ electron-beam lithography[J]. Nature Communications, 2015, 6(): 7662-.
[114]	SANTORI C, FATTAL D, VUČKIVUC' J. Indistinguishable photons from a single-photon device[J]. Nature, 2002, 419(6907): 594-597.
[115]	KIM J H, RICHARDSON C J K, LEAVITT R P. Two-photon interference from the far-field emission of chip-integrated cavity-coupled emitters[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(11): 7061-7066.
[116]	WU X, JIANG P, RAZINSKAS G. On-chip single-plasmon nanocircuit driven by a self-assembled quantum dot[J]. Nano Letters, 2017, 17(7): 4291-4296.
[117]	KEIL R, KAUFMANN T, KAUTEN T. Hybrid waveguide-bulk multi-path interferometer with switchable amplitude and phase[J]. APL Photonics, 2016, 1(8): 081302-.
[118]	ZADEH I E, ELSHAARI A W, JÖNS K D. Deterministic integration of single photon sources in silicon based photonic circuits[J]. Nano Letters, 2016, 16(4): 2289-2294.
[119]	YUAN X, WEYHAUSEN-BRINKMANN F, MARTÍN-SÁNCHEZ J. Uniaxial stress flips the natural quantization axis of a quantum dot for integrated quantum photonics[J]. Nature Communications, 2018, 9(): 3058-.
[120]	LIN H, LIN C H, LAI W C. Stress tuning of strong and weak couplings between quantum dots and cavity modes in microdisk microcavities[J]. Physical Review, 2011, B84(20): 201301-.
[121]	SILVERSTONE J W, BONNEAU D, O'BRIEN J L. Silicon quantum photonics[J]. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 2016, 22(6): 390-402.
[122]	REITHMAIER G, KANIBER M, FLASSIG F. On-chip generation, routing, and detection of resonance fluorescence[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(8): 5208-5213.
[123]	CALIC M, JARLOV C, GALLO P. Deterministic radiative coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots to the optical mode of a photonic crystal nanocavity[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(): 4100-.
[124]	STRAUβ M, KAGANSKIY A, VOIGT R. Resonance fluorescence of a site-controlled quantum dot realized by the buried-stressor growth technique[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2017, 110(11): 111101-.
[125]	JONS K D, ATKINSON P, MVLLER M. Triggered indistinguishable single photons with narrow line widths from site-controlled quantum dots[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 13(1): 126-130.
[126]	DOUSSE A, LANCO L, SUFFCZYN'SKI J. Controlled light-matter coupling for a single quantum dot embedded in a pillar microcavity using far-field optical lithography[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2008, 101(26): 267404-.
[127]	SCHNAUBER P, SCHALL J, BOUNOUAR S. Deterministic integration of quantum dots into on-chip multimode interference beamsplitters using in situ electron beam lithography[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(4): 2336-2342.
[128]	HALLETT D, FOSTER A P, HURST D L. Electrical control of nonlinear quantum optics in a nano-photonic waveguide[J]. Optica, 2018, 5(5): 644-650.
[129]	PYAYT A L, WILEY B, XIA Y. Integration of photonic and silver nanowire plasmonic waveguides[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2008, 3(11): 660-665.
[130]	GUO X, QIU M, BAO J. Direct coupling of plasmonic and photonic nanowires for hybrid nanophotonic components and circuits[J]. Nano Letters, 2009, 9(12): 4515-4519.
[131]	WEI H, WANG Z, TIAN X. Cascaded logic gates in nanophotonic plasmon networks[J]. Nature Communications, 2011, 2(): 387-.
[132]	WEI H, XU H. Nanowire-based plasmonic waveguides and devices for integrated nanophotonic circuits[J]. Nanophotonics, 2012, 1(2): 155-169.
[133]	CHANG D E, SØRENSEN A S, DEMLER E A. A single-photon transistor using nanoscale surface plasmons[J]. Nature Physics, 2007, 3(11): 807-812.
[134]	KUMAR S, HUCK A, ANDERSEN U L. Efficient coupling of a single diamond color center to propagating plasmonic gap modes[J]. Nano Letters, 2013, 13(3): 1221-1225.
[135]	LI Q, WEI H, XU H. Quantum yield of single surface plasmons generated by a quantum dot coupled with a silver nanowire[J]. Nano Letters, 2015, 15(12): 8181-8187.
[136]	LI Q, PAN D, WEI H. Plasmon-assisted selective and super-resolving excitation of individual quantum emitters on a metal nanowire[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(3): 2009-2015.
[137]	SONG H Zh, USUKI T, HIROSE S. Site-controlled photoluminescence at telecommunication wavelength from InAs/InP quantum dots[J]. Applied Physics Letters, 2005, 86(11): 113118-.
[138]	DALACU D, MNAYMNEH K, SAZONOVA V. Deterministic emitter-cavity coupling using a single-site controlled quantum dot[J]. Physical Review, 2010, B82(3): 033301-.
[139]	DALACU D, MNAYMNEH K, LAPOINTE J. Ultraclean emission from InAsP quantum dots in defect-free wurtzite InP nanowires[J]. Nano Letters, 2012, 12(11): 5919-5923.
[140]	KEIL R, ZOPF M, CHEN Y. Solid-state ensemble of highly entangled photon sources at rubidium atomic transitions[J]. Nature Communications, 2017, 8(): 15501-.
[141]	JÖNS K D, SCHWEICKERT L, VERSTEEGH M A M. Bright nanoscale source of deterministic entangled photon pairs violating Bell's inequality[J]. Scientific Reports, 2017, 7(): 1700-.
[142]	HUBER T, PREDOJEVIC A, KHOSHNEGAR M. Polarization entangled photons from quantum dots embedded in nanowires[J]. Nano Letters, 2014, 14(12): 7107-7114.
[143]	HAFFOUZ S, ZEUNER K D, DALACU D. Bright single InAsP quantum dots at telecom wavelengths in position-controlled InP nanowires: The role of the photonic waveguide[J]. Nano Letters, 2018, 18(5): 3047-3052.
[144]	UNOLD T, MUELLER K, LIENAU C. Optical control of excitons in a pair of quantum dots coupled by the dipole-dipole interaction[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 94(13): 137404-.
[145]	KASPRZAK J, PATTON B, SAVONA V. Coherent coupling between distant excitons revealed by two-dimensional nonlinear hyperspectral imaging[J]. Nature Photonics, 2011, 5(1): 57-63.
[146]	TEMNOV V V, WOGGON U. Superradiance and subradiance in an inhomogeneously broadened ensemble of two-level systems coupled to a low-Q cavity[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2005, 95(24): 243602-.
[147]	BETZIG E, CHICHESTER R J. Single molecules observed by near-field scanning optical microscopy[J]. Science, 1993, 262(5138): 1422-1425.
[148]	de ASSIS P L, YEO I, GLOPPE A. Strain-gradient position mapping of semiconductor quantum dots[J]. Physical Review Letters, 2017, 118(11): 117401-.
[149]	SONG H Zh, USUKI T, NAKATA Y. Formation of InAs/GaAs quantum dots from a subcritical InAs wetting layer: A reflection high-energy electron diffraction and theoretical study[J]. Physical Review, 2006, B73(11): 115327-.
[150]	LIU J, KONTHASINGHE K, DAVANÇO M. Single self-assembled InAs/GaAs quantum dots in photonic nanostructures: The role of nanofabrication[J]. Physical Review Applied, 2018, 9(6): 064019-.
[151]	KREINBERG S, PORTE X, SCHICKE D. Mutual coupling and synchronization of optically coupled quantum-dot micropillar lasers at ultra-low light levels[J]. Nature Communications, 2019, 10(): 1539-.
[152]	STOCK E, ALBERT F, HOPFMANN C. On-chip quantum optics with quantum dot microcavities[J]. Advanced Materials, 2013, 25(5): 707-710.

The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views

The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

HTML

Catalog

Export File

Citation

Format

Content