Optical design of pancake structured head-mounted display
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摘要: 为了满足虚拟现实头戴显示器大视场、大出瞳和高成像质量且结构轻小化等要求，采用逆向光路设计方法，对折叠光路pancake结构展开研究；采用两片透镜进行设计，进行了理论分析和软件仿真，对设计的光学系统进行了公差分析。结果表明，全视场角为96°、出瞳直径为10 mm、出瞳距离为14.94 mm时，在奈奎斯特频率(20.83 lp/mm)处调制传递函数(MTF)大于0.2，最大畸变为-26.5%，最大垂轴色差为13.84 μm；此结构具有更高的MTF值、更小的垂轴色差和弥散斑均方根半径，像差平衡合理。该研究为折叠光路结构的头戴显示器提供了参考。Abstract: In order to meet the requirements of large field of view, large exit pupil, high imaging quality and light and small structure of virtual reality head-mounted display, a reverse optical path design method was adopted to study pancake structure of a folding optical path. Two lenses were designed for theoretical analysis and software simulation, and the tolerance analysis of the designed optical system was carried out. The results show that the full field Angle is 96°, the exit pupil diameter is 10 mm, the exit pupil distance is 14.94 mm, the modulation transfer function (MTF) is greater than 0.2 at Nyquist frequency (20.83 lp/mm), the maximum distortion is -26.5%, and the maximum vertical color difference is 13.84 μm, respectively. This structure has higher MTF value, smaller vertical color difference and root mean square radius of dispersion class, and reasonable aberration balance. This study provides a reference for the folding optical path structure of the head-mounted display.
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Keywords:
- optical design /
- head mounted display /
- folding optical path /
- virtual reality
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图 5 MTF曲线图
a—屈光度为无穷 b—屈光度为-1 m-1 c—屈光度为-2 m-1 d—屈光度为-3 m-1
Figure 5. MTF curve
a—diopter of ∞ b—diopter of-1 m-1 c—diopter of-2 m-1 d—diopter of-3 m-1
表 1 图像源参数
Table 1 Some parameters of the image source
specification parameters resolution 1600 pixel × 1600 pixel physical dimension 38.4 mm×38.4 mm display brightness 450 cd/m2 contrast 650 ∶1 frame frequency 90 Hz support color 16.7×106 color 
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表 2 VR HMD透镜数据
Table 2 Lens data of VR HMD
surface radius/mm thickness/mm glass object infinity -500 stop infinity 14.94 2 -57.869 2.20 OKP-4 3 -144.661 0.74 4 infinity 10.17 ARTON_D4531 5 -46.594 2.75 image infinity
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表 3 结构参数
Table 3 Structural parameters
diopter/m-1 actual virtual image distance/mm distance from S1 to the image source/mm 0 infinity 3.75 -1 1000 3.24 -2 500 2.75 -3 333.333 2.27
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表 4 光学系统的公差
Table 4 Tolerance distribution of optical system
surface tolerances material tolerances element tolerance surface peak-to-valley value/μm radius/mm thickness/mm decenter X/Y/mm tilt X/Y/(°) index Abbe/% decenter X/Y/mm tilt X/Y/(°) S1 0.587 ±0.02 ±0.02 ±0.01 ±0.03 ±0.001 ±1 ±0.02 ±0.03 S2 0.6 S3 0.587 ±0.02 ±0.02 ±0.01 ±0.03 ±0.001 ±1 ±0.02 ±0.03 S4 0.587
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表 5 公差分析结果
Table 5 Probability after Monte Carlo operation
Monte Carlo analysis/% average value of MTF >90 0.329 >80 0.331 >50 0.336 >20 0.335 >10 0.336
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