激光增材制造研究前沿与发展趋势
Research front and trend of specific laser additive manufacturing techniques
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摘要: 从激光增材制造材料、工艺、装备、应用等方面分析了激光增材制造技术当前的研究热点以及相关的研究进展,梳理了未来主要发展方向。材料和成型工艺方面的相关研究主要集中于轻质合金和高价值合金增材制造;从成型装备来看,设备大型化、高速化、复合加工是未来的主要发展方向;而应用方面则主要面向高性能、高价值零部件的增材制造与生物植入体。总的来看,高质量、高性能、高效率是未来激光增材制造研究的着重点。Abstract: In this paper, the current research hotspots and related research progress of laser additive manufacturing technology were analyzed from the aspects of material, technology, equipment, and application. And the main development directions in the future were combed. In terms of materials and processes, the related research was mainly focused on the laser additive manufacturing of lightweight alloy and high-value alloy. From the point of view of forming equipment, large-scale equipment, high-speed, and composite processing were the main development direction in the future, while the application was it mainly focuses on the laser additive manufacturing of high performance, high value parts, and biological implants. Generally speaking, high quality, high performance, and high efficiency will be the focus of laser additive manufacturing in the future.
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图 1 Ti6Al4V选择性激光熔化试样沿生长方向的显微组织变化[9]
a—样件底部 b—样件中部 c—样件顶部
图 2 7075铝合金激光增材制造强化机理[14]
a—常规铝合金粉末 b—纳米粒子增强粉末 c—柱状晶生长及裂纹 d—形核和等轴晶生长 e—常规粉末合金的晶粒和裂纹 f—纳米粒子增强合金等轴晶组织
图 3 FeCoCrNi试样热等静压前后显微组织[16]
图 4 Al0.5CoCrFeNi SLM成型显微组织[19]
图 5 激光选区熔化制备类骨小梁组织的多孔钛合金植入体[20]
图 6 成型件中微孔隙形貌[23]
a—未熔孔 b—圆形孔隙
图 8 成型尺寸增大方式[55]
a—长焦距f-θ场镜 b—多光束拼接 c—移动式振镜扫描
图 9 中车集团SLM成型传动件[64]
图 11 叶片修复效果图[70]
图 12 4-D打印的可变形结构设计过程示意图[74]
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