A review of laser cleaning technology and its application in equipment maintenance support
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摘要: 激光清洗技术是一种利用激光与物质相互作用的清洗新技术，具有操作简单、精准度高、低损伤、低排放和环保的优点，已被研究人员广泛地关注和研究，取得了很多重要研究成果，极具应用前景。首先根据激光清洗技术的分类(干式、湿式激光清洗和激光等离子体清洗)，简述了激光清洗技术的发展和机理，并对比分析了各种清洗方式的差异和优缺点，为研究人员的理解和选择提供支持；在此基础上，重点综述了激光清洗技术在维修保障中的研究应用现状。目前仅有表面除漆技术在国外飞机的维修保障中得到实际应用；表面除锈技术在国内外舰船材质表面实施应用得到了可靠验证，且国外已进行了实际应用的探索；表面除油污积碳技术在国内外均进行了零部件的探索性实验研究，距离成熟应用差距很多；而表面的其它污染物，主要包括海洋微生物污垢、霉菌以及损伤功能性涂层等。最后总结了激光清洗技术的研究发展方向，并对未来趋势进行了展望。Abstract: Laser cleaning technology is a new cleaning technology that utilizes the interaction between laser and matter, with the advantages of simple operation, high accuracy, low damage, low emission, and environmental protection. It has been widely studied and investigated by researchers, and many important research results has been proposed, making it very promising for application. Firstly, a brief overview of the development, classification (dry laser cleaning, wet laser cleaning, and laser-induced plasma cleaning), and mechanisms of the laser cleaning technology was presented. A comparative analysis of different cleaning methods was conducted, including the respective strengths and weaknesses, which is helpful for researchers to understand and select this technology for actual situation. In addition, the research progress of the laser cleaning technology in equipment maintenance and support was extensively reviewed according to the literature. Among these, paint removal with the laser has practical applications in foreign aircraft equipment maintenance and support. Rust removal with the laser has been reliably validated on the surface of domestic and foreign naval equipment materials, has an exploration into practical applications abroad. Oil contamination and carbon removal with the laser have been subject to exploratory experimental research both domestically and internationally, but there remains a considerable gap before achieving mature applications. Furthermore, the removal of other contaminants from equipment surfaces, including marine biofouling, mold, and damaged functional coatings, are also discussed. Finally, the research and development of laser cleaning technology are summarized, and prospected.
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Keywords:
- laser technique /
- laser cleaning /
- equipment /
- maintenance and support
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