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攀枝花市属南亚热带-北温带的多种气候类型,年温差小、日温差大,四季不显著,干、湿季分明。受海拔高度和地形变化的影响,垂直差异明显,小气候复杂多变。攀枝花保安营机场地处青藏高原东南缘,是典型的高原、高温、山区机场。金沙江从西,北,东三面环绕机场,机场位于一削平的山顶上,海拔高度1980.2m,由于形似航母,又被称为“内陆航母”机场,其四面环山,局地风场复杂多变,飞机在本场起降时多受风场波动影响,威胁飞行安全。
西南技术物理研究所(下称西物所)研制的FC-Ⅲ型激光测风雷达于2018年3月安装于保安营机场北侧跑道尽头,如图 1所示。其水平探测距离10000m,垂直探测高度5000m,可做平面位置指示(plan position indicator,PPI)扫描监测机场范围风场波动和实时演变;可分别沿水平/垂直于跑道的方位做量程高度指示(range height indicator,RHI)扫描,帮助机场气象工作人员全方位立体了解跑道上的天气系统的结构特征;可做顶空的多普勒光束摆动(Doppler beam swinging,DBS)扫描监测机场范围天气系统的移动路径;还可无障碍遮挡的对飞机起降航道进行针对性下滑道(glide path,GP)扫描,实时监测航道上的侧风和迎头风波动情况,对可能影响飞机飞行姿态的风场做到提前监测预警,辅助航班安全保障工作顺利进行。
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如图 2所示,西物所研制的国产化激光测风雷达采用相干探测原理,利用稳频脉冲激光作为照射光源,通过接收大气中随风飘移气溶胶的散射回波信号并与雷达本振光进行相干混频,通过对中频信号的数字鉴频技术来获得激光束视线方向的径向风矢量,通过雷达系统的二轴光机扫描,光束在空中形成扫描场,系统通过多波束风场反演,实现对大气风场的测量。该系列雷达主要参量如表 1所示。其体积小、重量轻、便于移动和携带;可提供径向风、垂直速度、信噪比以及风切变、尾涡等多种产品;还可进行多种扫描,能通过调整扫描方式来较完整的捕捉过境系统,方便民航业务使用。
Table 1. The main parameters of lidar
parameter value wavelength 1.55μm scanning mode PPI, RHI, DBS, GP pitch angle -10° ~ 190° rotation angle 0°~360° wind speed range 0m/s~360m/s wind direction range 0°~360° horizontal detection range 100m~10km range resolution 15m/30m/50m/75m/100m time resolution 3s~10min angular resolution ≤0.1° velocity resolution ≤0.2m/s
激光测风雷达分析典型高原机场风场特征
Analysis of the wind field characteristics using the wind lidar in a typical plateau airport
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摘要: 为了对激光测风雷达在民用机场的运行环境适应性及综合保障能力进行评估,采用国产自研激光测风雷达在典型高原机场为期3个月的风场联合监测试验数据,结合同址相关气象资料,分晴、多云、阴、雾及降水等不同气象条件,对激光测风雷达的风场数据进行了分析,以揭示典型高原机场的风场特征,检验国产激光测风雷达的综合保障能力。结果表明,在不同天气类型下,激光雷达的测风性能存在明显的差异,其在晴、多云、阴天整体表现较优,水平最大探测距离最远可达6623m,垂直最高可达2895m;同时,激光测风雷达能精准捕捉到高原机场的风场在时间尺度和空间尺度上的典型变化特征。该研究为雷达在民航的应用提供了参考。Abstract: In order to evaluate the operational environment adaptability and comprehensive support capability of lidar in civil airport, experimental data was monitored in a typical plateau airport by using a wind lidar which is made in China. By considering the factors such as historical weather data in the same place, the weather condition of sunny, cloudy, overcast, fog and rainy days, the lidar's wind data was analyzed, and then the typical wind feature in a plateau airport was revealed. The comprehensive support capability of a wind lidar was also tested at the same time. The results show that, lidar's performance of catching wind field is different under different weather condition. In sunny, cloudy, and overcast days, its performance is better, and its horizontal and vertical sounding range is up to 6623m and 2895m, respectively. Moreover, the lidar can accurately discover the wind field's typical feature that is changeable in timing and spacing. This study provides a reference for the application of radar in civil aviation.
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Key words:
- remote sense /
- wind lidar /
- performance analysis /
- wind field feature
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Table 1. The main parameters of lidar
parameter value wavelength 1.55μm scanning mode PPI, RHI, DBS, GP pitch angle -10° ~ 190° rotation angle 0°~360° wind speed range 0m/s~360m/s wind direction range 0°~360° horizontal detection range 100m~10km range resolution 15m/30m/50m/75m/100m time resolution 3s~10min angular resolution ≤0.1° velocity resolution ≤0.2m/s -
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