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Nd:YVO4晶体在1064nm波段作为一个典型的四能级系统,在外加LD抽运激励下粒子在能级间的跃迁过程,主要集中在E2和E1两个能级间的粒子数反转。受激辐射起主导作用,所以能将四能级系统简化为二能级系统,则主动调Q的速率方程可简化为[7]:
$\frac{{{\rm{d}}\Delta \mathit{n}}}{{{\rm{d}}\mathit{t}}} = - 2\frac{{\Delta \mathit{n}}}{{\Delta {n_{\rm{t}}}}}\mathit{\delta \varphi } $
(1) $\frac{{{\rm{d}}\mathit{\varphi }}}{{{\rm{d}}\mathit{t}}} = \left( {\frac{{\Delta \mathit{n}}}{{\Delta {n_{\rm{t}}}}} - 1} \right)\mathit{\delta \varphi } $
(2) 得到Q开关的脉冲宽度表达式如下[8]:
$\Delta \mathit{t = t}\frac{{\Delta {n_{\rm{i}}} - \Delta {n_{\rm{f}}}}}{{\Delta {n_{\rm{i}}} - \Delta {n_{\rm{t}}}\left[ {1 + \ln \left( {\frac{{\Delta {n_{\rm{i}}}}}{{\Delta {n_{\rm{f}}}}}} \right)} \right]}} $
(3) 式中, Δn为单位体积反转粒子数,Δni为初始反转粒子数,Δnf为末态反转粒子数密度,Δnt为阈值反转粒子数,φ为腔内光子数,t为腔内光子寿命, δ为腔内阶跃损耗常数。
由主动调Q的脉冲宽度表达式(见(3)式)看出,在一个确定的系统中,脉宽仅由Δni和Δnf的比值来决定。脉冲前沿宽度主要与Δni/Δnt的比值有关,随着Δni/Δnt比值的增加,腔内增益系数变大,光子数迅速增长,脉冲前沿宽度越窄。而脉冲的下降沿主要取决于腔内的光子寿命,光子寿命越短,脉冲宽度就越窄。在保证Δni/Δnt尽可能大的情况下,脉冲的后沿宽度与腔内光子的自由衰减快慢有关,腔内光子寿命公式为[9]:
$\mathit{t = }\frac{{2L/c}}{{\ln \left( {\frac{1}{{1 - T}}}\right)+ {L\mathit{'} }}} $
(4) 式中,2L/c为光子在腔内的往返时间,L为谐振腔腔长,c为真空中的光速,T为输出镜的透过率,L′为腔内往返损耗。在主动调Q激光器中,Δni/Δnt的比值和腔内的光子寿命是两个重要的参量, 直接影响着脉宽的大小。
一种声光调Q窄脉宽小体积激光器
A micro acousto-optic Q-switched laser with narrow pluse width
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摘要: 为了构建一种声光调Q的窄脉宽小型Nd:YVO4激光器,从主动调Q速率方程出发,分析了抽运速率、重复频率、输出镜透过率对脉宽的影响。该激光器采用简单的平平腔设计,LD端面抽运高增益的Nd:YVO4激光晶体,在谐振腔内插入一个微型的声光调Q开关,作用长度约为7mm,谐振腔腔长13mm,输出镜的透过率为70%。结果表明,在抽运功率为4.21W、重复频率20kHz时,获得了单脉冲能量20μJ、脉冲宽度1.65ns、峰值功率为12kW的1064nm激光输出。此结果说明,用微型声光调Q开关来构建短腔获得窄脉宽输出是一种切实可行的方案,且该器件还可以作为大功率激光器的种子源。Abstract: In order to construct a micro acousto-optic Q-switched Nd:YVO4 laser with narrow pulse width, based on active Q-switched rate equation, the influence of pump speed, repetition rate and output mirror transmittance on pulse width was analyzed.The laser was designed with the structure of simple flat-flat cavity. High gain Nd:YVO4 laser crystal was end pumped by LD. A micro acousto-optic Q-switched was inserted in the resonant cavity, with action length of 7mm, cavity length of 13mm, and output mirror transmittance of 70%.The results show that when the pump power is 4.21W and repetition rate is 20kHz, the output of 1064nm laser was obtained with single pulse energy of 20μJ, pulse width of 1.65ns and peak power of 12kW. It is feasible to use micro acousto-optic Q-switched to construct short cavity and obtain narrow pulse width output. The device can also be used as the seed source of high-power lasers.
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Key words:
- lasers /
- narrow pulse width /
- micro acousto-optical Q-switched /
- Q-switched rate equation
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