Analysis of LiDAR in a sand dust process in Inner Mongolia autonomous region

In order to explore the structural characteristics of high spatial and temporal resolution in the process of sand and dust pollution, a typical dust weather process on 2019-10-27~2019-10-28 in Xilin Gol League of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was analyzed using coherent Doppler wind light detection and ranging(LiDAR), ground observation station, aerosol optical depth (AOD) data product of medium resolution image spectrometer satellite, European Centre for Medium-Range Forecasts the 5th reanalysis data (ERA5), and hybrid single particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory (HYSPLIT) backward trajectory model. The results show that the dust was affected by the high altitude cold vortex and the Mongolian cyclone, and the cold front passed over the sand source area of the central and western Mongolia and the western Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region during the high temperature period. The thermal superposition dynamic conditions were favorable for the dust to spread with the westerly wind. The surface temperature changes obviously before and after the arrival of dust. Satellite products, HYSPLIT mode combined with wind profile of LiDAR can more accurately determine the source of dust. At 02:00 on 2019-10-28, the mass concentration of ground PM10 reached the maximum 268μg/m³, and the extinction coefficient exceeded 30km^-1 and reached the maximum. Radar inversion data was delayed in time. The aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved by LiDAR can reflect the changes of aerosols in the boundary layer atmosphere. The urban underlying surface weakened the dust pollution rapidly, and the grassland underlying surface where the radar located was prone to be affected by vertical wind shear to produce persistent pollution. This research is helpful to application of coherent Doppler wind LiDAR, understand the pollution process and transmission characteristics of sand and dust.