Factors affecting fluorescent efficiency of frequency up-conversion of rare-earth

Up-conversion fluorescent mechanisms were briefly introduced.The methods of improving frequency up-conversion efficiency of rare-earth doped luminescent materials,mainly including changing the substrate phonon distribution, adding the sensitizer,changing the ratio of substrate materials components,and application of new technology,such as surface enhanced fluorescence,pumping methods,new materials synthesis and so on,were reviewed in detail.Furthermore,the research trends of up-conversion luminescent materials in the future were prospected in combination with fluorescence enhancement mechanisms.