Thermal effect of Nd：GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by fiber coupled diode laser

DONG Wu-wei; LI Long; SHI Peng; GAN An-sheng; XU Qi-ming

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-3806.2009.06.021

Volume 33 Issue 6

May 2010

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Thermal effect of Nd：GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by fiber coupled diode laser

1.
Faculty of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China;
2.
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

Corresponding author: LI Long, lilong7211@126.com ;
Received Date: 2008-09-19
Accepted Date: 2008-10-08

Abstract

In order to study the thermal effect of laser crystal end-pumped by diode lasers,the temperature rise and thermal distortion on pumped-face of the laser crystal were analytically studied.After analyzing the working characteristics of the laser crystal,taking into account of the aeolotropism of heat conduction of Nd:GdVO4 crystal,the general analytical expressions of the temperature field and thermal distortion field of Nd:GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by super-Gaussian beam were obtained based on the Poisson equation for aeolotropic heat conduction.The effect of different orders and spot size of super-Gaussian beam on the temperature field and the thermal distortion field of Nd:GdVO4 crystal was quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the maximal temperature rise and thermal distortion on the pumped-face of Nd:GdVO4 crystal doped with 0.012 (atomicity fraction) neodymium ion are 419.3℃ and 0.711 m respectively with the fifth-order super-Gaussian beam central-end-pumping,if the output power of diode laser is 30W,the transmission efficiency of the optical focusing coupler is 85%.The results have the theoretical instruction for estimating the thermal focus lens of Nd:GdVO4 crystal and designing the heat insensitive resonant cavity of lasers.
- laser physics,
- Nd:GdVO4 laser,
- thermal effect,
- analytical,
- aeolotropic heat conduction

References

[1]	LB D.Solid-state lasers[M].Beijing:Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication Press,2002:201-204(in Chinese).
[2]	FAN T Y.Heat generation in Nd:YAG and Nb:YAG[J].IEEE J Q E,1993,29(6):1457-1459.
[3]	CLARKSON W A.Thermal effects and their mitigation in end-pumped solid-state laser[J].J Phys,2001,D34(16):2381-2395.
[4]	SABABAEIAN M,NADGARAN H,MOUSAVE H.Analytical solution of the heat equation in a longitudinally pumped cubic solid-state laser[J].Appl Opt,2008,47(13):2317-2326.
[5]	ZOU J,ZHAO Sh Zh,YANG K J,et al.Determining the thermal lens focus of LD end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 solid-state laser with CCD detecti ng method[J].Laser Technology,2006,30(4):422-424(in Chinese).
[6]	PFISTNER C,WEBER R,WEBER H P,et al.Thermal beam distortion in end-pumped Nd:YAG,Nd:GSGG and Nd:YLF rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1994,30(7):1605-1615.
[7]	ZAGUMENNY A I,OSTROUMOV V G,SHCHERBAKOV I A,et al.The Nd:GdVO4 crystal:a new material for diode-pumped lasers[J].Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics,1992,22(12):1071-1072.
[8]	ZHANG H J,MENG X L,LIU J H,et al.Growth of lowly Nd doped GdVO4 single crystal and its laser properties[J].J Crystal Growth,2000,216 (1/4):367-371(in Chinese).
[9]	WANG C Q,CHOW Y T,REEKIE L,et al.A comparative study of the laser performance of diode-laser-pumped Nd:GdVO4 and Nd:YVO4 crystals[J].Appl Phys,2000,B70(6):769-772.
[10]	LI C,SONG J,SHEN D,et al.Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 lasers operating at 1.06m wavelength[J].Appl Phys,2000,B70(4):471-474.
[11]	YANG Y M,ZHOU R,GUO Zh,et al.Study on the end deformation of several LD end-pumped crystals[J].Laser Technology,2006,30(1):73-75(in Chinese).
[12]	SHI P,LI L,GAN A Sh,et al.Thermal effect research of end-pumped rectangle Nd:GdVO4 crystal[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2005,32(7):923-927(in Chinese).
[13]	SHI P,LI L,GAN A Sh,et al.Research on thermal distortion of Nd:GdVO4 crystal with laser diode end-pumped circular section[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2006,33(10):1324-1328(in Chinese).
[14]	INNOCENZI M E,YURA H T,FRUCHER C L,et al.Thermal modeling of continuous-wave end-pumped solid state lasers[J].A P L,1990,56(19):1831-1833.
[15]	FARRUCH U O,BUOCRISIANI A M,BYVIK C E.An analysis of the temperature distribution in finite solid-state laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1988,24(11):2253-2264.
[16]	COUSINS A K.Temperature and thermal stress scaling in finite-length end-pumped laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1992,28(4):1057-1069.
[17]	NADGARAN H,SABAIAN B.Pulsed pump:thermal effects in solid state lasers under surper-Gaussian pulses[J].Paramana Journal of Physics,2006,67(6):1119-1128.
[18]	XIE W J,KWON Y,HU W T,et al.Thermal modeling of solid state lasers with super-Gaussian pumping profiles[J].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,2003,42(6):1787-1794.
[19]	COUSINS A K.Temperature and thermal stress scaling in finte-length end-pumped laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1992,28(4):1057-1069.
[20]	LU Y X,YANG Y P,CHEN Sh F.Laser transmission and transform technology[M].Chengdu:University Electronic Science and Technology of China Press,1999:53-86(in Chinese).
[21]	YU J.Theoretical study on thermal beam focusing in longtitually-pumped solid-state laser rods[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beam,2000,12(1):27-31(in Chinese).
[22]	CZERANOWSKY C,SCHMIDT M,HEUMANN E,et al.Continuous wave diode pumped intracavity doubled Nd:GdVO4 laser with 840mW output power at 456nm[J].Opt Commun,2002,205(4/6):361-365.
[23]	LAPORTA P,BRUSSARD M.Design criteria for size optimization in diode-pumped solid-state laser[J].IEEE J Q E,1991,27(10):2319-2326.
[24]	PFISTNER C,WEBER R,WEBER H P.Thermal beam distortion in longitudinally pumped solid-state lasers[J].IEEE J Q E,1994,30(7):1605-1616.

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通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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Thermal effect of Nd：GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by fiber coupled diode laser

Corresponding author: LI Long, lilong7211@126.com;

1. Faculty of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China;

2. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, Xi'an 710055, China

Received Date: 2008-09-19

Accepted Date: 2008-10-08

Available Online: 2009-12-25

Abstract: In order to study the thermal effect of laser crystal end-pumped by diode lasers,the temperature rise and thermal distortion on pumped-face of the laser crystal were analytically studied.After analyzing the working characteristics of the laser crystal,taking into account of the aeolotropism of heat conduction of Nd:GdVO4 crystal,the general analytical expressions of the temperature field and thermal distortion field of Nd:GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by super-Gaussian beam were obtained based on the Poisson equation for aeolotropic heat conduction.The effect of different orders and spot size of super-Gaussian beam on the temperature field and the thermal distortion field of Nd:GdVO4 crystal was quantitatively analyzed.The results show that the maximal temperature rise and thermal distortion on the pumped-face of Nd:GdVO4 crystal doped with 0.012 (atomicity fraction) neodymium ion are 419.3℃ and 0.711 m respectively with the fifth-order super-Gaussian beam central-end-pumping,if the output power of diode laser is 30W,the transmission efficiency of the optical focusing coupler is 85%.The results have the theoretical instruction for estimating the thermal focus lens of Nd:GdVO4 crystal and designing the heat insensitive resonant cavity of lasers.

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Reference (24)

[1]	LB D.Solid-state lasers[M].Beijing:Beijing University of Post and Telecommunication Press,2002:201-204(in Chinese).
[2]	FAN T Y.Heat generation in Nd:YAG and Nb:YAG[J].IEEE J Q E,1993,29(6):1457-1459.
[3]	CLARKSON W A.Thermal effects and their mitigation in end-pumped solid-state laser[J].J Phys,2001,D34(16):2381-2395.
[4]	SABABAEIAN M,NADGARAN H,MOUSAVE H.Analytical solution of the heat equation in a longitudinally pumped cubic solid-state laser[J].Appl Opt,2008,47(13):2317-2326.
[5]	ZOU J,ZHAO Sh Zh,YANG K J,et al.Determining the thermal lens focus of LD end-pumped Nd:GdVO4 solid-state laser with CCD detecti ng method[J].Laser Technology,2006,30(4):422-424(in Chinese).
[6]	PFISTNER C,WEBER R,WEBER H P,et al.Thermal beam distortion in end-pumped Nd:YAG,Nd:GSGG and Nd:YLF rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1994,30(7):1605-1615.
[7]	ZAGUMENNY A I,OSTROUMOV V G,SHCHERBAKOV I A,et al.The Nd:GdVO4 crystal:a new material for diode-pumped lasers[J].Soviet Journal of Quantum Electronics,1992,22(12):1071-1072.
[8]	ZHANG H J,MENG X L,LIU J H,et al.Growth of lowly Nd doped GdVO4 single crystal and its laser properties[J].J Crystal Growth,2000,216 (1/4):367-371(in Chinese).
[9]	WANG C Q,CHOW Y T,REEKIE L,et al.A comparative study of the laser performance of diode-laser-pumped Nd:GdVO4 and Nd:YVO4 crystals[J].Appl Phys,2000,B70(6):769-772.
[10]	LI C,SONG J,SHEN D,et al.Diode-pumped passively Q-switched Nd:GdVO4 lasers operating at 1.06m wavelength[J].Appl Phys,2000,B70(4):471-474.
[11]	YANG Y M,ZHOU R,GUO Zh,et al.Study on the end deformation of several LD end-pumped crystals[J].Laser Technology,2006,30(1):73-75(in Chinese).
[12]	SHI P,LI L,GAN A Sh,et al.Thermal effect research of end-pumped rectangle Nd:GdVO4 crystal[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2005,32(7):923-927(in Chinese).
[13]	SHI P,LI L,GAN A Sh,et al.Research on thermal distortion of Nd:GdVO4 crystal with laser diode end-pumped circular section[J].Chinese Journal of Laser,2006,33(10):1324-1328(in Chinese).
[14]	INNOCENZI M E,YURA H T,FRUCHER C L,et al.Thermal modeling of continuous-wave end-pumped solid state lasers[J].A P L,1990,56(19):1831-1833.
[15]	FARRUCH U O,BUOCRISIANI A M,BYVIK C E.An analysis of the temperature distribution in finite solid-state laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1988,24(11):2253-2264.
[16]	COUSINS A K.Temperature and thermal stress scaling in finite-length end-pumped laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1992,28(4):1057-1069.
[17]	NADGARAN H,SABAIAN B.Pulsed pump:thermal effects in solid state lasers under surper-Gaussian pulses[J].Paramana Journal of Physics,2006,67(6):1119-1128.
[18]	XIE W J,KWON Y,HU W T,et al.Thermal modeling of solid state lasers with super-Gaussian pumping profiles[J].Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers,2003,42(6):1787-1794.
[19]	COUSINS A K.Temperature and thermal stress scaling in finte-length end-pumped laser rods[J].IEEE J Q E,1992,28(4):1057-1069.
[20]	LU Y X,YANG Y P,CHEN Sh F.Laser transmission and transform technology[M].Chengdu:University Electronic Science and Technology of China Press,1999:53-86(in Chinese).
[21]	YU J.Theoretical study on thermal beam focusing in longtitually-pumped solid-state laser rods[J].High Power Laser and Particle Beam,2000,12(1):27-31(in Chinese).
[22]	CZERANOWSKY C,SCHMIDT M,HEUMANN E,et al.Continuous wave diode pumped intracavity doubled Nd:GdVO4 laser with 840mW output power at 456nm[J].Opt Commun,2002,205(4/6):361-365.
[23]	LAPORTA P,BRUSSARD M.Design criteria for size optimization in diode-pumped solid-state laser[J].IEEE J Q E,1991,27(10):2319-2326.
[24]	PFISTNER C,WEBER R,WEBER H P.Thermal beam distortion in longitudinally pumped solid-state lasers[J].IEEE J Q E,1994,30(7):1605-1616.

Thermal effect of Nd：GdVO4 crystal end-pumped by fiber coupled diode laser

Abstract

References

Proportional views

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

Proportional views