Effect of process parameters on laser welding of nodular cast iron and low carbon steel
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摘要: 为了提高球墨铸铁和低碳钢焊接接头力学性能, 解决容易开裂的问题, 采用激光焊接的方法对球墨铸铁和低碳钢进行焊接, 研究了工艺参数对其焊接接头的组织和性能影响。结果表明, 随着激光功率逐渐增加或焊接速率的逐渐变缓, 试验件抗拉强度呈现出先增大后减小的变化趋势; 当焊接功率为4250 W和焊接速率为2.4 m/min时, 试样件焊接接头的强度处于极值400 MPa; 在球墨铸铁侧热影响区内形成3种壳体结构(双壳结构、单壳结构和无核结构); 焊缝区组织主要由树枝晶组织、少量的马氏体和莱氏体组织构成; 焊缝区存在微裂纹, 通过添加镍基材料可获得无裂纹焊缝, 并提升抗拉强度约40 MPa, 达到母材的95%。该研究对后续球墨铸铁与低碳钢高功率激光焊接工艺优化是有帮助的。Abstract: In order to improve the low mechanical properties and cracking of the welded joint between ductile iron and low carbon steel, laser welding was used to weld ductile iron and low carbon steel, and the effects of process parameters on the microstructure and properties of the welded joint were studied. The results show that with the increase of laser power or the gradual slowing of welding speed, the tensile strength of the test piece shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. When the welding process parameters are at 4250 W welding power and 2.4 m/min welding speed, the strength of the welded joint of the specimen is at the extreme value of 400 MPa.Three kinds of shell structures (double shell structure, single shell structure, and coreless structure) are formed in the heat-affected zone at the side of nodular cast iron. The microstructure in the weld zone is mainly composed of dendrite, a small amount of martensite, and ledeburite. There are microcracks in the weld zone. The crack-free weld can be obtained by adding nickel-based materials, and the tensile strength can be improved by about 40 MPa, reaching 95% of the base metal. This research is helpful in the optimization of the high-power laser welding process between nodular cast iron and low carbon steel.
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Keywords:
- laser technique /
- laser welding /
- nodular cast iron /
- low carbon steel
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图 2 不同激光功率下焊接接头的截面形貌
Figure 2. Section morphology of welded joints under different power
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图 3 不同焊接速率下焊接接头的截面形貌
Figure 3. Section morphology of welded joints under different speeds
表 1 母材的化学成分(质量分数w)/%
Table 1 Chemical composition of base metal(mass fraction w)/%
material w(C) w(Si) w(Mn) w(P) w(S) w(Fe) 20CrMnTi 0.17~0.23 0.17~0.37 0.18~1.10 ≤0.03 ≤0.03 balance QT450-10 3.70~3.90 2.40~2.60 0.15~0.30 ≤0.04 ≤0.02 balance 
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表 2 填充粉末和焊丝的化学成分(质量分数w)/%
Table 2 Chemical composition of filler powder and wire(mass fraction w)/%
material w(C) w(Si) w(Mn) w(Cr) w(Mo) w(Nb) w(Fe) w(Ni) Ni201 0.02 0.10 0.40 15.50 15.50 0.31 0.70 balance ERNiCrMo-4 0.009 0.12 0.05 21.9 8.65 3.70 0.40 balance
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表 3 焊接参数
Table 3 Welding parameters
sample power/W speed/(m·min-1) defocus/mm weldmethod 1 3500 2.4 -2 not filler 2 3750 2.4 -2 3 4000 2.4 -2 4 4250 2.4 -2 5 4500 2.4 -2 6 4000 1.2 -2 7 4000 1.8 -2 8 4000 2.4 -2 9 4000 3.0 -2 10 4000 3.6 -2 11 2500 1.2 -2 filler powder 12 3000 1.2 -2 filler wire
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