Abstract: Under the excitation of the external light field, the collective electron oscillation mode formed on the surface of the metal nanostructure can effectively modulate the local electromagnetic field distribution, and control the fluorescence radiation of fluorescent molecules near the substrate. The affecting factors mainly depend on electromagnetic oscillation mode and electromagnetic field distribution formed on the surface of the substrate. The key problems in the study on surface enhanced fluorescence effect in spectroscopy are summarized. The main progress of the research of periodically ordered substrate metal enhanced fluorescence and metal nanoparticle enhanced fluorescence is performed. Based on local electromagnetic field enhancement mechanism model, the mechanism and affecting factors of fluorescence regulation of fluorescent molecules on different substrates are discussed. The research prospect of surface enhanced fluorescence effect is prospected.