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黄料又名“吸光涂料”,呈黄色,由苏州大学激光加工中心生产。黑漆是三和自动喷漆,黑色,由广东三和化工科技有限公司生产。水玻璃又名“硅酸钠”,透明液体,由青岛优索化学科技有限公司生产。磷酸锌呈白色,由济宁佰一化工有限公司生产。分散剂是白色粉末,型号EBS,由济南宇舜化工生产。酚醛树脂是黄色片状颗粒,由河北成丰树脂化工有限公司生产。
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试样材料为GCr15轴承钢,经高温淬火与回火处理后试样表面硬度为60HRC~65HRC,抛光处理后粗糙度Ra=0.1μm,如图 1所示。采用W-71s型喷枪将涂料喷涂到试样表面,控制喷涂距离约为40cm,涂层厚度控制为0.1mm左右,并置于室温下自然风干,制备单一涂料涂层及复合涂料涂层,如图 2所示。
试样表面激光微织构加工采用本课题组自主研制的二极管抽运Nd:YAG激光加工机,如图 3所示。激光加工参量设置为激光重复频率为1600Hz,抽运电流为18A,脉冲重复次数3次,加工形成的表面微凹坑阵列如图 4所示。激光织构完成后,配合使用粒径为0.5μm的氧化铝抛光粉对试样表面进行轻微抛光处理。
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采用美国Veeco公司生产的WYKO-NT1100非接触光学轮廓仪对微织构凹坑内径D1、外径D2、深度H和熔渣高度h进行测量,结果如图 5所示。为了更好地表征涂料对激光加工的影响,可将凹坑等效为球冠体,其体积计算公式为V1=π(3HD12+4H3)/24,表面经过抛光处理后熔渣的尖角基本被抛平,因此可将其等效为正方体,体积计算公式为V2=πh(D22-D12)/4。对凹坑体积和熔渣体积进行计算并统计,结果如表 1所示。
Table 1. Parameters of dimple morphology
number coating type inner diameter D1/μm outer diameter D2/μm height h/μm depth H/μm dimple volume V1/10-5mm3 slag volume V2/10-5mm3 C-0 none 79 114 0.70 7.0 1.73 0.37 C-1 black paint 67 100 0.40 6 0.83 0.17 C-2 water glass 86 110 0.36 6.0 1.75 0.13 C-3 yellow material 87 110 0.60 7.4 2.22 0.21 C-4 zinc phosphate 77.5 108 0.4 5.8 1.38 0.18 C-5 graphite 56 102.5 0.4 5.9 0.74 0.23 C-6 water glass+zinc phosphate 86 110 0.5 5.7 1.66 0.18 C-7 water glass+black paint 85.5 118.1 1 6.8 1.97 0.52 C-8 yellow material+water glass 88.3 108.2 0.7 8 2.48 0.21 C-9 yellow material+black paint 79 108.6 0.2 6.8 1.68 0.09 C-10 yellow material+zinc phosphate 84.5 117 0.8 6.8 1.92 0.41
不同吸光涂层对激光微织构加工性能影响研究
Influence of different light absorbing coating on property of laser surface texturing
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摘要: 为了提高激光微织构加工效率和改善微织构加工质量,采用W-71s型喷枪在GCr15轴承钢表面分别喷涂用黑漆、水玻璃、黄料、磷酸锌和石墨制备的涂层。利用Nd:YAG激光加工机对其进行激光微织构加工,使用3维形貌分析仪对微凹坑的形貌进行了检测。结果表明,与无涂层试样相比,采用水玻璃和黄料涂层试样表面蚀除凹坑体积均增加,凹坑边缘熔渣体积均减少,其中黄料涂层表面蚀除凹坑体积增加了29.4%,水玻璃涂层凹坑边缘熔渣体积减少了64.9%;在一定条件下,复合涂层相比单一涂层具有更好的激光加工性能,其中黄料与水玻璃复合涂层的性能最为显著,与未经涂层的相比,凹坑蚀除体积增加了47.1%,凹坑边缘熔渣体积减少了43.2%。这一结果对提高激光微织构加工效率、改善微织构加工质量具有一定的指导意义。Abstract: In order to improve machining efficiency and the surface quality of laser surface texturing for metal surface, the W-71s type spray gun was used to spray black paint, water glass, yellow material, zinc phosphate and graphite on the surface of GCr15 bearing steels respectively. Then, the samples were processed by Nd:YAG laser. Finally, the morphology of material was measured by 3-D morphology analyzer. The experimental results show that compared with uncoated specimens, the removing volume and slag volume around the dimple of specimen surface coated with water glass and yellow material increase and decrease respectively. The removing volume of the sample coated with yellow material increases by 29.4% and the slag volume of specimen surface coated with water glass decreases by 64.9%. Compared with single coating, some composite coating has better laser surface texturing performance. The composite coating with water glass and yellow material has great laser surface texturing performance. Compared with uncoated specimens, the removing volume increases by 47.1%, the slag volume decreases by 43.2%. The result is very instructive to improve the machining efficiency and surface quality of laser surface texturing.
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Key words:
- laser technique /
- light absorbing coating /
- morphology detection /
- composite coating /
- dimple volume /
- slag volume
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Table 1. Parameters of dimple morphology
number coating type inner diameter D1/μm outer diameter D2/μm height h/μm depth H/μm dimple volume V1/10-5mm3 slag volume V2/10-5mm3 C-0 none 79 114 0.70 7.0 1.73 0.37 C-1 black paint 67 100 0.40 6 0.83 0.17 C-2 water glass 86 110 0.36 6.0 1.75 0.13 C-3 yellow material 87 110 0.60 7.4 2.22 0.21 C-4 zinc phosphate 77.5 108 0.4 5.8 1.38 0.18 C-5 graphite 56 102.5 0.4 5.9 0.74 0.23 C-6 water glass+zinc phosphate 86 110 0.5 5.7 1.66 0.18 C-7 water glass+black paint 85.5 118.1 1 6.8 1.97 0.52 C-8 yellow material+water glass 88.3 108.2 0.7 8 2.48 0.21 C-9 yellow material+black paint 79 108.6 0.2 6.8 1.68 0.09 C-10 yellow material+zinc phosphate 84.5 117 0.8 6.8 1.92 0.41 -
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