Influence of laser cladding process parameters on crack and thickness of Ni60
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摘要: 为了研究工艺参量对激光熔覆Ni60涂层裂纹及厚度影响，采用在45#钢基材表面熔覆Ni60合金粉末的正交试验方法，分析了影响裂纹产生的工艺参量的主次因素以及影响涂层厚度的主要因素，并对试验结果进行极差分析，获取了裂纹最少的最优工艺参量。结果表明，影响裂纹产生的主次因素为扫描速率＞送粉速率＞激光功率，裂纹最少的工艺参量为激光功率1400W，扫描速率4.0mm/s，送粉速率为1.0r/min，此时，在熔覆起始位置出现了一条短裂纹；对涂层厚度的影响程度主次因素为送粉速率＞扫描速率＞激光功率；经测量，熔覆层的硬度是基材的3.3倍，通过扫描电镜分析，涂层与基材形成良好的冶金结合，熔覆层晶粒组织均匀致密。该研究为Ni60合金粉末激光熔覆工程化应用提供了参考。Abstract: In order to study the influence of process parameters on crack and thickness of Ni60 laser cladding, the orthogonal experiment was designed by laser cladding Ni60 powder on the surface of 45# steel. The primary and secondary factors affecting the crack formation and coating thickness were analyzed, then, the range analysis method was carried out to obtain the optimal process parameters with the least cracks.The result showesthat the affecting order of crack is that scanning speed > powder feeding rate > laser power; and the process parameters with the least cracks areas follows: Laser power is 1400W, scanning speed is 4.0mm/s, powder feeding rate is 1.0r/min, and thereis only a short crack at the initial position of cladding by using the process parameter. The order of influence on coating thickness is as follows: powder feeding rate > scanning speed. Through microhardness test, the hardness of cladding layer is 3.3 times of that of substrate. Through scanning electron microscope analysis, the grain structure of cladding layer is uniform, and a good metallurgical combination with substrateis formed, which provided a reference for the engineering application of Ni60 alloy powder laser cladding.
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Keywords:
- laser technique /
- process parameters /
- crack /
- thickness /
- microhardness
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Figure 7. SEM photos of the cladding layer
a—overall micrograph of layer b—bottom c—middle d—top
Table 1 Chemical composition of 45# steel(mass fraction)
C Si Mn Cr Ni Fe 0.004~0.005 0.002~ 0.004 0.005~0.008 ≤0.0025 ≤0.003 balance 
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Table 2 Chemical composition of Ni60 powder(mass fraction)
C Si Fe B Cr Ni 0.005~0.011 0.035~ 0.055 < 0.05 0.03-0.045 0.15~0.2 balance
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Table 3 Factor and level table
level laser power/kW powder feeding rate/(r·min-1) scanning speed/(mm·s-1) A B C 1 1.0 0.8 4 2 1.2 1.0 6 3 1.4 1.2 8
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Table 4 Analysis of cracks by orthogonal test
experimentalindex laser power/kW powder feeding rate/(r·min-1) scanning speed/(mm·s-1) A B C K1 9.7 5.7 1.7 K2 10 12 6.3 K3 4.3 6.3 16 extremum 5.7 6.3 14.3 optimal level group A3B2C1
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Table 5 Analysis of coating thickness by orthogonal test
experimentalindex laser power/kW powder feeding rate/(r·min-1) scanning speed/(mm·s-1) A B C T1 0.465 0.31 0.525 T2 0.455 0.335 0.29 T3 0.36 0.635 0.465
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