Abstract: The research background and development states of satellite laser ranging(SLR) systems were summarized.The data processing algorithm played an important part in the development of the SLR technique.So the applied aspects and research development states of the widespread and some advanced data processing algorithms at home and abroad were reviewed,including screen processing technique,Poisson statistic filter algorithm and correlation detection algorithm et al.Finally the research progress and developmental direction in data processing algorithms of SLR were also presented.