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试验前材料处理:为了防止基材表面杂质对激光能量的吸收从而影响实验结果, 试验前对45#钢进行表面精磨, 使基体表面平整, 使用无水乙醇清洗去除表面油污和氧化膜, 使基体表面无明显缺陷。为了防止镍基熔覆粉末受潮造成结块对实验结果产生影响, 在实验开始前对镍基熔覆粉末真空烘干除潮, 避免因熔覆粉末受潮。熔覆过程中施加氮气保护, 可以保护熔覆层成型过程中不受氧化等外界干扰得到均匀且性能稳定的激光熔覆涂层。45#钢基材的化学成分如表 1所示。
Table 1. Chemical composition (mass fraction) of 45# steel matrix
C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu P, Fe 0.005 <0.002 <0.001 ≤ 0.001 <0.001 ≤ 0.001 balance 选取Ni60自熔合金粉末为熔覆材料, Ni60的化学成分如表 2所示。
Table 2. Chemical composition (mass fraction) of Ni60 alloy powder
Si C Fe B Cr Ni 0.008 0.001 0.003 0.031 0.003 balance -
试验设备包括:(1)IPG光纤激光器, 型号为YLS-2000, 最大输出功率P=2000W;(2)HV-1000型数字显微硬度计; (3)JSM-6700F场发射扫描电镜(scanning electron microscope, SEM)。
表 3为在45#钢基材上优化后的激光熔覆工艺参量。
Table 3. Process parameters of laser cladding
laser
power/
kWspot
diameter/
mmpulverized
speed/
(g·s-1)scanning
speed/
(mm·s-1)lap
rate/
%defocus/
mm1.4 2 1.2 2, 3, 4 50 16 对熔覆后的试样用线切割设备沿成形截面切开, 制作成8mm×8mm×8mm大小的试块, 用砂纸进行打磨获得显微硬度测试件, 显微硬度测量采用HV-1000型数字显微硬度计。对获得8mm×8mm×8mm的试块进行打磨、抛光, 用丙酮溶液清洗试样, 并用王水腐蚀, 制成电镜扫描试块, 采用JSM-6700F场发射扫描电镜对试块进行显微形貌和断面结构分析。
扫描速率对激光熔覆镍基合金涂层性能的影响
Effect of scanning speed on the properties of laser cladding nickel-based alloy coating
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摘要: 为了提高材料表面强度和硬度,在材料的表面采用激光熔覆技术熔覆合金涂层以提高其表面性能。相同的激光功率下采用不同的激光扫描速率在材料表面激光熔覆制备镍基(Ni60)复合涂层,取得了在基材表面获得理想熔覆层的工艺参量,并对熔覆层的性能进行了检测。结果表明,随着激光扫描速率的增加,表面粗糙度变大,熔覆层的宽度、高度、基材的熔化深度都有一定程度的降低,裂纹出现增大趋势,熔覆层显微硬度高出基材显微硬度约500HV,激光熔覆技术在一定范围内可以实现对基材的表面硬化。该结果为材料表面强化的研究提供了参考。Abstract: In order to improve the surface strength and hardness of the material, laser cladding technology was used to clad the alloy coating on the surface of the material to improve its surface properties. Nickel-based (Ni60) composite coating was prepared by laser cladding on the surface of material under the same laser power at different laser scanning speeds, and the processing parameters for obtaining the ideal cladding layer on the surface of the substrate were obtained. The properties of the cladding layer were detected. The results show that, with the increase of the laser scanning rate, the surface roughness becomes larger, the width, height of cladding layer and the melting depth of the substrate are reduced to a certain extent. The cracks appear to increase. The microhardness of the cladding layer is about 500HV higher than that of the substrate. The laser cladding technique can realize the hardening of substrate surface in a certain range. The results provide a reference for the study of surface strengthening of materials.
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Key words:
- laser technique /
- micro hardness /
- scanning speed /
- nickel-based alloy
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Table 1. Chemical composition (mass fraction) of 45# steel matrix
C Si Mn Cr Ni Cu P, Fe 0.005 <0.002 <0.001 ≤ 0.001 <0.001 ≤ 0.001 balance Table 2. Chemical composition (mass fraction) of Ni60 alloy powder
Si C Fe B Cr Ni 0.008 0.001 0.003 0.031 0.003 balance Table 3. Process parameters of laser cladding
laser
power/
kWspot
diameter/
mmpulverized
speed/
(g·s-1)scanning
speed/
(mm·s-1)lap
rate/
%defocus/
mm1.4 2 1.2 2, 3, 4 50 16 -
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