Abstract: To improve environmental adaptability of an optical system, an athermalization refractive antenna with coaxial transceiver was designed by the passive athermalization method combined with the optics and machinery. By using ZEMAX software, the image quality of the designed antenna was simulated and analyzed when the working distance ranged from 50m to 3000m and the environment temperature ranged from -45℃ to 65℃. After building experimental platform and measuring the actual image quality, the simulation results were verified. The results show that the optical path difference is less than 0.25λ and the optical quality of the designed antenna is close to the diffraction limit within the detection range. Moreover, within the scope of environmental temperature, the energy of the 90% of the spots is concentrated in the maximum coherence length. And the spot energy distribution of each field is uniform. The research can provide the theoretical basis for the design of the optical parameters and structure parameters of the antenna.