Research on high-precision positioning and speed measurement method of train based on grating array
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摘要: 现有轨道交通定位和测速方法易受到外界环境干扰, 具有不稳定性。为了解决这些难题, 结合光纤光栅绝缘、抗干扰能力强、耐腐蚀等特性, 提出了一种基于弱光栅阵列的结合波分和光时域反射仪技术的高精度列车测速定位系统方案, 通过密集型复用方式实现光栅点的绝对定位需求, 并设计了根据不同光栅分区定位结果及其波长漂移规律来计算实时速度和位置的数据处理方法。为验证系统性能, 搭建了模拟运行环境, 进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明, 该方案能实现厘米级的定位精度和1 km/h的测速精度。该研究在轨道交通方面具有广泛的应用前景。Abstract: The existing rail transit location and speed measurement method is easy to be interfered by the external environment and has instability. In order to solve these problems, based on the fiber grating with the characteristics of insulation, strong anti-interference, and corrosion resistance, a high precision train speed measurement and location system based on weak grating array combined with wave division and optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) technology was proposed. The absolute location requirement of grating points was realized by intensive multiplexing, and a data processing method was designed to calculate real-time speed and position according to the location results of different grating partitions and their wavelength drift rules. In order to verify the performance of the system, a simulated operating environment was built. And theoretical analysis and experimental verification were carried out. Experimental results show that centimeter-level positioning accuracy and 1 km/h speed measurement accuracy can be achieved with the proposed scheme, which has a wide application prospect in rail transit.
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图 3 a—光源时域信号 b—光脉冲扫描频域示意图 c—反射信号时域图
Figure 3. a—light source time domain signal b—optical pulse scanning frequency domain diagram c—reflected signal time domain diagram
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图 4 a—光栅频域光谱 b—光栅时域返回信号
Figure 4. a—grating frequency domain spectrum b—grating time domain return signal
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图 8 a—磁铁相斥波长漂移 b—磁铁相吸波长漂移
Figure 8. a—magnet repel wavelength shift b—magnet attracts wavelength shift
表 1 波长信息序列
Table 1 Wavelength information sequence
FBG number physical location/m center wavelength/nm 1 L λ1-1 2 L+0.5 λ2-1 3 L+1 λ1-2 4 L+1.5 λ2-2 5 L+2 λ1-3 6 L+2.5 λ2-3 7 L+3 λ1-3 
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