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基于水导激光平面缩流喷嘴内流场仿真研究

Simulation study of the flow field in the plane convergent nozzle based on the water guide laser

  • 摘要: 适用于水导激光加工工艺的毛细带锥角喷嘴,其内部流动状态复杂。为了获得喷嘴内部高度稳定水束,采用有限元流体计算软件模拟分析的方法,进行了适用于水导激光工艺的缩流型喷嘴内流场模拟分析和数值验证,取得了生成高速稳定水束的参量数据。结果表明,随着平面喷嘴入口压力逐渐增加,毛细段长径比值减小,流体进入喷嘴内部与毛细段壁面发生完全分离,无明显的空化现象发生,形成稳定光滑的缩流型水束;喷嘴入口压力为50MPa时,毛细管直径分别为0.128mm,0.07mm,0.03mm的喷嘴内部水束再附壁长度可达毛细管长度90%;锥角管为10°时, 经过锥角段的水束会再次附壁。模拟分析所得参量对水导激光缩流型喷嘴选取提供指导。

     

    Abstract: The capillary nozzle with cone angle, which is suitable for the water jet guide laser processing technology, has complex internal flow state. In order to obtain the highly stable water beam in the nozzle, using the method of finite element fluid calculation software simulation and analysis, the flow field in the contracted nozzle which is suitable for the water guide laser technology was simulated and analyzed, and the numerical verification was carried out. The parameter data of generating high-speed and stable water beam were then obtained. The simulation results show that with the increase of the inlet pressure of the plane nozzle, the ratio of the length to diameter of the capillary section decreases, and the fluid enters the nozzle and completely separates from the wall of the capillary section. During this process, no obvious cavitation phenomenon occurs, and the constricted water jet was formed. With the nozzle inlet pressure of 50MPa, the length of the water jet reattachment wall inside the nozzle can reach 90% of the capillary length when the capillary diameter is set to be 0.128mm, 0.07mm, and 0.03mm, respectively. When the tapered tube is 10°, the water beam passing through the tapered section will attach to the wall again. The parameters obtained from the simulation analysis can provide guidance for the selection of the nozzle.

     

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