Abstract: Because of good flexibility, fast speed and high measurement precision, airborne laser bathymetry technology has gradually replaced the traditional method of measuring the depth of water and plays an important role in depth measurement of water in the river and offshore waters, as well as the mapping of underwater topography and geomorphology. Airborne laser bathymetry technology is introduced. Working principle of airborne laser bathymetry system and two main methods of signal processing are expounded. Two methods and the latest application research are summarized. Key research techniques of airborne laser bathymetry and future development are summed up and prospected. The data processing methods for echo signal in the future are explained.