Abstract: High-performance mid-infrared laser has important application value in the field of military confrontation, biological safety and environmental sciences. Fe:ZnS/ZnSe is considered to be the most effective laser medium to obtain 3μm~5μm mid-infrared lasers with high performance and wide tuning range because of long output wavelength, wide absorption band and emission band. The spectral and thermodynamic characteristics of Fe:ZnS/ZnSe are introduced. The latest development of Fe:ZnS/ZnSe at low temperature and room temperature is reviewed. Scientific challenges of Fe:ZnS/ZnSe laser in power, energy enhancement and room temperature operation are also analyzed.