Abstract: Temperature effect is an important factor affecting photoelectric efficiency of laser power beaming. To analyze the impact of temperature effect on photoelectric efficiency, physical model and thermal model of photovoltaic cells were established based on numerical simulation combing COMSOL Multiphysics software and MATLAB software. The effects of irradiation time, power density, beam size, incident angle, thermal radiation and heat convection on temperature field were obtained. The results show that under power density of 2000W/m², photovoltaic cell temperature rises rapidly at the first, increases slowly after 20s and tends to the constant value of 343K after 100s with thermal equilibrium. The greater the power density, the faster the cell temperature, the higher the temperature which reaches thermal equilibrium time. When the cell surface is covered by laser spot completely, the temperature difference on the surface is minimum. The influence of incident angle on temperature rise of cell is affected by the effective laser power density. Heat radiation and heat convection are very favorable for decreasing cell temperature. When laser incident angle is 0°, laser power density is about 2000W/m², and laser spot area is approximately cell surface area, the photovoltaic cell can obtain the best photoelectric efficiency. The study provides theoretical reference for improving photoelectric efficiency.