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试验基体材料为20CrMnMo(成分见表 1),试样尺寸为50mm×30mm×10mm,热处理状态为调质,表面打磨后用丙酮清洗。
Table 1. Main ingredients of 20CrMnMo steel (mass fraction)
C Si Mn Cr Mo Ni P S Cu 0.0017~0.0023 0.0017~0.0037 0.009~0.012 0.011~0.014 0.002~0.003 ≤0.0003 ≤0.00035 ≤0.00035 ≤0.0003 为获得性能逐渐改变的梯度耐磨涂层,在基体上熔覆3层涂层,使其结构分为3个部分:底层、过渡层、耐磨层。底层熔覆材料为St6合金粉末(粒度为61μm~150μm),过渡层熔覆材料为由St12B合金粉末(粒度为44μm~150μm)、耐磨层熔覆材料由Co47(粒度为44μm~104μm)、WC/Co (粒度为44μm~104μm)两种合金粉末组成,其中粉末的质量配比为Co47+WC(质量分数为0.05)。
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激光熔覆试验在KUKA机器人系统上进行,激光器为HL4006D型Nd: YAG激光器、送粉器为PFL-2A型送粉器,送粉方式为同步侧向送粉,载粉气体和保护气体均为氩气。激光熔覆示意如图 1所示。激光熔覆试验参量如表 2所示。其中L1~L3表示层1~层3;T1~ T3表示次数1~次数3。
表 2 Test parameters list of laser cladding
coating layer laser power/W scanning speed/(mm·s-1) powder feeding rate/(g·min-1) overlap rate/% defocusing amount/mm alloy powder L1 800 6 4.75 30 10 St6 L2 800 6 4.75 30 10 St12B L3 T1 600 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) T2 700 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) T3 800 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) 试验前,为减少或消除熔覆层的裂纹[8],将20CrMnMo试件放在200℃的加热炉内保温2h;使用QM-3B型球磨机对合金粉末进行球磨20min,球磨后在DZF-6020型真空干燥箱中100℃干燥12h。每次激光熔覆获得的试件均放置加热炉内加热,保温一段时间后随炉冷却[9],以备下一次熔覆时使用。试验最终获得厚度约2.4mm熔覆层。
用线切割将试件沿垂直于激光扫描方向切取尺寸为10mm×10mm的试块,经研磨、抛光后用比例为:浓氢氟酸(2份) :HNO3(1份)的混合溶液对截面进行腐蚀;使用Mshot MD20体式显微镜观察熔覆层截面形貌,JSM-6701F型冷场发射扫描电子显微镜观察微观组织结构,XRD-6000型X射线衍射仪分析物相;HMT-3型显微硬度计检测熔覆层截面的显微硬度(载荷F1=0.1kg, 加载时间t1=10s, 测试间隔L=0.1mm);在M-200型摩擦磨损试验机对熔覆层进行干滑动摩擦磨损试验(载荷F2=200N, 转速N=200r/min, 磨损时间t2=30min, 对磨件:GCr15)。
激光功率对Co基梯度耐磨涂层性能的影响
Effect of laser power on properties of Co-based gradient wear-resistant coatings
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摘要: 为了分析激光功率对Co基梯度耐磨涂层组织和性能的影响,采用激光熔覆在20CrMnMo钢表面依次熔覆St6,St12B,Co47+WC(质量分数为0.05)合金粉末制备厚度约为2.4mm的Co基梯度耐磨涂层,进行了微观组织分析、显微硬度测试、摩擦磨损试验。结果表明,不同激光功率下涂层表面均没有出现裂纹且各涂层中晶体形貌相似,表层出现致密的等轴晶、过渡层出现粗大的柱状晶、底层出现平面晶和树枝晶;600W时耐磨层中发现未熔WC颗粒,800W耐磨层发现CoW2B2硬质相;在600W~800W范围内,激光功率越高,涂层整体的显微硬度和耐磨性越好;激光功率为800W时,耐磨层显微硬度达到730HV0.1,涂层耐磨性相对于基体提高了300%。此研究结果对激光熔覆制备Co基梯度耐磨涂层提供了参考依据。Abstract: In order to analyze effect of laser power on microstructure and properties of Co-based gradient wear-resistant coatings, alloy powders of St6, St12B and Co47+WC (mass fraction of 0.05) were claded on the surface of 20CrMnMo steel. Co-based gradient wear-resistant coatings with the thickness of about 2.4mm were prepared to do microstructure analysis, microhardness test, friction and wear test. The results show that there is no crack on the surface of the coatings under different laser powers. The morphology of the crystals in each coating is similar:dense equiaxed grains in the surface layer, large columnar crystals in the transition layer, and plane and dendrites in the bottom layer. The unmelted WC particles are found in the wear-resistant layer at 600W. The hard phase of CoW2B2 is found in the wear-resistant layer at 800W. From the study about the properties of the coatings, the higher the laser power, the better the microhardness and wear resistance of the coatings in the range of 600W to 800W. When laser power is 800W, microhardness of the wear-resistant layer is 730HV0.1, and wear resistance of the coating is 300% higher than that of the matrix. The results of this study provide a reference for the preparation of Co-based gradient wear-resistant coatings by laser cladding.
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Key words:
- laser technique /
- Co-based gradient wear-resistant coating /
- laser power /
- microstructure /
- property
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Table 1. Main ingredients of 20CrMnMo steel (mass fraction)
C Si Mn Cr Mo Ni P S Cu 0.0017~0.0023 0.0017~0.0037 0.009~0.012 0.011~0.014 0.002~0.003 ≤0.0003 ≤0.00035 ≤0.00035 ≤0.0003 表 2 Test parameters list of laser cladding
coating layer laser power/W scanning speed/(mm·s-1) powder feeding rate/(g·min-1) overlap rate/% defocusing amount/mm alloy powder L1 800 6 4.75 30 10 St6 L2 800 6 4.75 30 10 St12B L3 T1 600 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) T2 700 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) T3 800 6 4.75 30 10 Co47+WC(w=0.05) -
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