Abstract: With the development of ophthalmic surgery and visual correction techniques, the accurate description and analysis of human eye wavefront aberrations have become particularly important. Starting with the formation mechanism of human eye wavefront aberration and the mathematical expression of Zernike polynomial, the research progress of Zernike polynomial in fitting human eye wavefront aberration at home and abroad was reviewed. The measurement method of wavefront aberration, calculation method of Zernike polynomial coefficient, and the statistical characteristics of coefficients under different pupil diameters were introduced. The effects of different Zernike aberrations on the image quality of human eyes were summarized, and the future development direction of this field was also discussed.