The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

XU Qiang; XIE Xiumin; ZHANG Wei; YUAN Fei; HU Weiying; DENG Jie; ZHAO Xinhua; SONG Haizhi

doi:10.7510/jgjs.issn.1001-3806.2020.05.009

Volume 44 Issue 5

Sep. 2020

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The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

1.
Southwest Institute of Technical Physics, Chengdu 610041, China
2.
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China

Received Date: 2019-11-28
Accepted Date: 2020-01-19

Abstract

Quantum emitters serve as the building blocks of quantum network, connecting quantum computing, quantum communication and quantum metrology. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are widely considered as the best candidate for quantum emitters. By a decade of effort, the controllability, purity, brightness, indistinguishability, and coherence of QD emitters are greatly improved so that they are much closer to the application level. In this paper, the scientific and technological development of quantum emitters based on QDs were reviewed. Firstly, QD-based single photon sources have achieved indistinguishability of near unity, high purity, and high extraction efficiency. Secondly, QD-based entangled photon emitters have achieved high bit rate, high entanglement fidelity by improvements such as eliminating fine structure splitting. Thirdly, remarkable development has been made towards on-chip integration of QD emitters into planar circuits and nano-photonic systems. It turns out that quantum emitters based on semiconductor QDs are greatly potential to be applied in quantum information processing systems in the near future.
- quantum optics,
- quantum emitters,
- semiconductor quantum dots,
- single photon source,
- entanglement source,
- on-chip integration

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沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

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引言

量子信息处理技术正在快速发展并将成为未来信息网络的核心技术。量子信息处理系统可以由超导体、光子、电子等多种物理体系构成^[1]。在利用光学和光子元件的系统中，量子光源是量子通信^[2]、量子计算^[3]和量子测量^[4-5]等多种量子应用领域的基本构件。光量子技术需要高效的、按需发射的、高度全同的单光子源或者光子纠缠源^[6]。自发参量下转换虽然提供了很高全同性的光子，但其亮度较低、可扩展性较差。因此，具有纳米结构的固体光子源，如半导体量子点或金刚石色心等的发展受到了人们的广泛关注^[7]。半导体量子点具有类似于单个原子系统的离散量子态，因此拥有巨大的潜力被用作优良的量子光源^[8]。目前，半导体量子点是性能最好的光子产生系统，几乎所有物理特性都具有很高的品质，如光子产生率高、光学相干性好、光谱可调谐范围广等^[9]。最重要的是，量子点作为按需纠缠光子对的最有前途的候选源，在未来的量子信息系统中具有广阔的应用前景^[10-13]。基于量子点的半导体量子光源在近20年来得到了广泛而深入的研究，基于量子点的量子光源被用于制备自旋光子纠缠、量子密钥分发、量子态转移和量子中继器^[14-19]，在构建量子网络中发挥了重要作用。特别是近年来，量子点量子光源的发展比以往有了更大的进步^[20-22]。

本文中从基于量子点的单光子光源、基于量子点的纠缠光源以及量子点量子光源的片上集成3个方面综述了量子点量子光源的研究进展。

4. 结束语

半导体量子点被认为是量子光源的最佳选择，本文中综述了近年来基于半导体量子点的量子光源的科学和技术进展。基于量子点的单光子源已经实现了近乎完美的全同性，纯度达到10^-3量级，收集效率接近70%；即使在通信频段，其亮度也得到了大大提升；等离子体及其相关纳米结构开始在改善量子点单光子发射源方面发挥重要作用；量子点单光子源的室温工作和电驱动已不再是一项艰巨的任务，甚至可以实现远程量子点量子光源之间的关联。基于半导体量子点的纠缠光源进展很大，量子比特率已高达10kHz；原位生长等技术大大改善了量子点的整体对称性，使纠缠保真度达到0.94；半导体量子点的多光子纠缠已经成为现实。量子点被进一步证明是量子信息处理中最好的按需、纠缠、片上集成的量子光源。量子点量子光源已经实现了与在电子、光子芯片上的集成；通过集成，量子点量子光源实现了与其它器件的量子交互；原位控制和片上电驱动技术进步很大，解决了实现全片上量子集成的关键工艺。研究进展表明了量子点量子光源在量子信息领域的良好应用前景。

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The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

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The progress of semiconductor quantum dot based quantum emitter

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